A new genus and species of deepwater lobster of the family Nephropidae, Dinochelus ausubeli n. gen., n. sp., is described from the Philippine Sea off the island of Luzon. The new genus and species is most closely related to species of Thaumastocheles and Thaumastochelopsis, sharing the distinctive, strongly dimorphic chelipeds, and shares features of both genera. Most notably, D. ausubeli n. gen., n. sp. shares movable well-developed eyestalks with species of Thaumastochelopsis (versus highly reduced and fixed eyestalks in species of Thaumastocheles), and similar branchial formula and uropod structure with Thaumastocheles. Dinochelus n. gen. differs from species of Thaumastocheles and Thaumastochelopsis (as well as all other clawed lobsters) in having an inverted, T-shaped epistome. Phylogenetic analysis of 12S rRNA sequences indicated that Dinochelus n. gen. is sister to a Thaumastocheles + Thaumastochelopsis clade. The new species is named after Jesse Ausubel at the occasion of the 10-year synthesis of the Census of Marine Life.

AURORA 2007

Although molluscs feature prominently in the semi-popular and academic literature on marine biodiversity, field surveys largely ignore the small and rare species that form the majority of marine molluscan diversity. As a result of a massive effort to sample the benthic molluscs of a complex tropical coastal environment, 23,238 gastropod specimens representing 259 species of Triphoridae-a family with most adult species ranging from 2 to 10 mm-were obtained from a 45,000 hectares study area off the island of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. Most species are represented by fewer than 20 specimens and, despite the intensity of the sampling effort, 13% of the species are unique singletons. Spatial heterogeneity was high: out of 416 sampling events, 187 contained triphorids, and 42% of the species occurred at fewer than 5 stations. Most species were small (68% below 5 mm) or very small (22% below 3 mm). A faunal turnover was documented at around 10 m, and another at around 60 m, at the onset of the "twilight zone" that is particularly difficult to sample. On the order of 70% of the species are probably new to science. When dealing with taxonomically difficult groups a morphospecies segregation approach is operationally appropriate to detect patterns of richness, rarity and spatial turn-over. Very few, if any, conservation surveys have the human and funding resources to carry out baseline surveys of the intensity that generated the results presented here. However, as species numbers are often used to promote the conservation interest of a reef, a bay or a stretch of coast, it is essential to know how the numbers were generated: absolute numbers of species are meaningless unless sampling effort and techniques, area surveyed, and size classes targeted are described. This is very rarely the case, even in the academic literature.

SANTO 2006

Five new species of Bolma are described, three from New Caledonia, one from Mozambique and one from French Polynesia, all from deep reef (75-155 m) to bathyal (230-580 m) depths. Four of the new species have been sequenced, and their holotypes are also voucher specimens for COl sequences, thus contributing to a new generation of name-bealing types. The descriptions and names are provided in advance of a forthcoming shell-based revision of the genus Bolma, and in advance of a detailed molecular- and morphology-based study of Bolma in New Caledonian waters.

EBISCO, HALICAL 1, LAGON, MAINBAZA, MUSORSTOM 4, NORFOLK 2, SMIB 2, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, TARASOC

KARUBAR

Morphological (shell) and molecular examination of a large suite of specimens of pleurotomariids from around New Caledonia and the Coral Sea reveals the existence of four species in the complex of Perotrochus caledonicus: Perotrochus deforgesi Métivier, 1990 and P. pseudogranulosus sp. nov. live allopatrically on the plateaus and guyots of the Coral Sea; Perotrochus caledonicus Bouchet & Métivier, 1982 and Perotrochus wareni sp. nov. live sympatrically - but essentially not syntopically on the slopes of New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge and the Loyalty Ridge. All species live in the 300–500 m interval, and together form a significant component of the mollusc fauna living on hard bottoms in the SW Pacific, with individual dredge hauls containing up to 25 specimens of Perotrochus.

BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, CONCALIS, EBISCO, LITHIST, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, TERRASSES, VOLSMAR

With over 1600 extant described species, the Muricidae are one of the most species-rich and morphologically diverse families of molluscs. As predators of molluscs, polychaetes, anthozoans barnacles and other invertebrates, they form an important component of many benthic communities. Traditionally, the classification of muricids at specific and generic levels has been based primarily on shells, while subfamilies have been defined largely by radular morphology, although the composition and relationships of suprageneric groups have never been studied exhaustively. Here we present the phylogenetic relationships of 77 muricid species belonging to nine of the ten currently recognized subfamilies, based on Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses of partial sequences of three mitochondrial (12S, 16S and COI) and one nuclear (28S) genes. The resulting topologies are discussed with respect to traditional subfamilial arrangements, and previous anatomical and molecular findings. We confirm monophyly of each of the subfamilies Ergalataxinae, Rapaninae, Coralliophilinae, Haustrinae, Ocenebrinae and Typhinae as previously defined, but earlier concepts of Muricinae, Trophoninae and Muricopsinae are shown to be polyphyletic. Based on our phylogenetic hypothesis, a new arrangement of these subfamilies is proposed.

AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, EBISCO, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, SANTO 2006

Shell, radular, opercular and external anatomical characters are surveyed in world Recent deep-water Cassidae, leading to the recognition of three subfamilies: Cassinae, Oocorythinae and Phaliinae. All Recent species are revised of Galeodea Link, 1807 (=Galeoocorys Kuroda & Habe, 1957), Microsconsia n. gen. and Sconsia Gray, 1847, all included in subfamily Cassinae; of Oocorys Fischer, 1883 (= Benthodolium Verrill & Smith, 1884, = Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980), Eucorys n. gen. (including Oocorys bartschi Rehder, 1943 and O. barbouri Clench & Aguayo, 1939) and Dalium Dall, 1889, all included in subfamily Oocorythinae; and of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890, included in subfamily Phaliinae. New species named are Galeodea plauta n. sp. (northwestern New Zealand), Microsconsia limpusi n. sp. (southeastern Queensland, Australia), and Oocorys grandis n. sp. (central Indian Ocean, and southeastern Atlantic, off Namibia). Galeodea bituminata (Martin, 1933) (based on a Pliocene fossil from Buton Island, Indonesia) is an earlier name for G. echinophorella Habe, 1961; G. carolimartini Beets, 1943 is another earlier name for G. echinophorella. The name usually accepted for the type species of Sconsia, S. striata (Lamarck, 1816), is a junior secondary homonym of S. striata (J. Sowerby, 1812) and the valid name for this species is S. grayi (A. Adams, 1855). Echinophoria kurodai Abbott, 1968 was based on small specimens of E. wyvillei (Watson, 1886), and E. oschei Mühlhäusser, 1992 was based on Indian Ocean specimens of E. wyvillei. Echinophoria carnosa Kuroda & Habe, 1961 is limited to southern Japan to the Philippine Islands.

BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BENTHEDI, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CORAIL 2, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, EBISCO, HALICAL 1, KARUBAR, MD28 (SAFARI II), MD32 (REUNION), MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, TAIWAN 2001, TAIWAN 2002, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???

The tonnoidean gastropod fauna of French Polynesia (54 species) includes 26 species recorded from the Austral Islands (including 10 from Rapa), 33 species from the Marquesas Islands, 39 from the Society Islands, 32 from the Tuamotu Islands, and 3 from the Tarava Seamounts. Most species have planktotrophic larval development and are distributed from East Africa to eastern Polynesia, but many common western Pacific species are not present. With the possible exception of Semicassis salmonea n. sp. (Cassidae), described from the Marquesas, and Gyrineum pusillum (Ranellidae), restricted to the Austral (and Tuamotu?) Islands in southeastern-most Polynesia, no species is endemic to any individual island groups, but several species with broad overall ranges are known from only one archipelago within French Polynesia. Three species (Monoplex intermedius, Septa peasei, Ranellidae; Distorsio graceiellae, Personidae) are much more common in the Marquesas Islands than further westwards. Three species of Bursidae (Bursa lamarckii, Bursina nobilis, Tutufa tenuigranosa) are recorded only from the Marquesas Islands, whereas the only record of Bursina fijiensis is from the Austral Islands. The two very similar species Bursa asperrima and B. cruentata have a complex distribution; only B. cruentata is common west of Hawaii, and only B. asperrima occurs east of Hawaii, but only B. cruentata has been collected at the Marquesas Islands. Ranella venustula is a synonym of Bursa rhodostoma. Neotypes are designated for Buccinum ponderosum Gmelin, 1791, B. nodulosum Gmelin, 1791, Cassis caputequinum Röding, 1798, C. denticulata Röding, 1798, C. glabra Röding, 1798, C. hamata Röding, 1798, Phalium edentulum Link, 1807, P. quadratum Link, 1807, Buccinum biarmatum Dillwyn, 1817, B. pantherina Dillwyn, 1817, Cassis tenuilabris Menke, 1828, and Dolium rufum Blainville, 1829, and lectotypes are designated for Buccinum cornutum Linnaeus, 1758, Murex bufonius Gmelin, 1791 and Cassis torquata Reeve, 1848.

BATHUS 2, BENTHAUS, BIOCAL, LITHIST, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 2, RAPA 2002, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SMCB, TARASOC

During a cruise of the R. V. "Vauban" on the deep-shelf of New Caledonia, a new gastropod of the family Volutidae has been dredged. A single, livetaken specimen is present but its characteristics are so different from the other known species of the family that a description is presented herein.

VAUBAN 1978-1979

Perotrochus caledonicus n.sp. is described from the upper bathyal south of New Caledonia, an old area that has remained stable over the past few million years, and P. tangaroana n.sp. is described from the bathyal of Lau Ridge. These represent the first occurrence of living Pleurotomariidae in the South Pacific; other representatives of the family are restricted to Southeast Asian seas or the Atlantic.

VAUBAN 1978-1979

In the course of deep-water dredgings in 1978-79 in southern New Caledonia, many molluscs of considerable interest have been discovered and are now being described in various papers. We here report on the turbinid genus Bolma of which three species were taken at depths between 200 and 500 m.

CORINDON 2, VAUBAN 1978-1979

This paper presents the results from examination and determination of tropical species of Buccinidae from deep water, collected by several expeditions, mainly in the Indo-Pacific area. The material comprises 14 genera and the following new taxa are described : Calliloconcha knudseni (Kermadec Trench, 5480 m), Costaha crosnieri ( S W Indian Ocean, 1740 - 3760 m), Eosipho coriolis (Philippines, 880 m), Eosipho engonia ( SW Indian Ocean, 600 - 1 125 m), Eosipho thorybopus (Mozambique Channel, 400 - 500 m), Kapala bathybius (SE Atlantic, 3550 m), Manaria clandestina (SE Asia, 440-1 490 m), Manaria makassarensis ( S E Asia, 490 - 875 m), Manaria formosa (Mozambique Channel, 400 - 500 m). For the preparation of this paper we have examined material and/or types of almost all previously described deep sea species of tropical buccinids and these are figured and commented on. An appendix lists all Neogene and Recent supraspecific names of Buccinidae proposed after the publication of WENZ' " Handbuch der Palaozoologie " ( 1941 - 43 ).

BENTHEDI, CORINDON 2, MD20 (SAFARI), MD28 (SAFARI II), MD32 (REUNION), MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, VAUBAN 1978-1979, ???msg.security.private???

BIOCAL, MUSORSTOM 4, VAUBAN 1978-1979

Cassis abbotti n. sp. is characterized by a smooth polished shell, a poorly developed parietal shield, a narrow aperture with denticulated inner and outer lips, and a bulbous, paucispiral protoconch. It is possibly endemic to the Chesterfield Bellona Plateau, where the holotype was taken in 205 m. The family Cassidae has been monographed in part by Abbott (1968) who recognized about 60 Recent species, the majority of which are Indo-Pacific. The higher classification of the Tonnoidea is revised by Beu (1981) and Waren and Bouchet (MS), and Marum has l~ecently been transferred to the neogastropod family Harpidae (Hughes, 1986) . That the alpha-taxonomy of the family has reached a phase of stability is evidenced by the fact that fewer than 5 taxa in the Cassis-Phalium group have been described or changed status in the 20 years since Abbott's revision. The discovery of a very distinct new Cassis from a depth of 205 m in the Coral Sea was therefore unexpected, and raises questions on generic limits within the family.

CHALCAL 1

Alcithoe aillaudorum n. sp. is the first Alcithoe known outside New Zealand waters; it is however not consider ed a Gondwanian vicariant relict but is probably a recent 'immigrant that dispersed from New Zealand to New Caledonia via the Norfolk ridge. Lyria exorata n . Sp. Is known from Capel and Kelso Banks, two submerged flat plateaus surrounded by abyssal depths in the Coral Sea. L. habei Okutani, 1979 is a new record for New Caledonia. Records of other Lyria are reviewed and summarized. Although the distribution of Lyria in the Western Pacific corresponds rather well with the limits of the Pacific plate, this distribution appears to be a result of constraints in larval biology rather than a reflection of the plate tectonic history of the area.

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, SMIB 1, SMIB 3

Enlomoliva gen. nov. is described from 120-700 m in the New Caledonian region; it contains two new species, E. incisa (type species) and E. mirabilis. Shell characters combine olivine and ancilline traits, but the presence of an operculum indicates the genus to belong to the subfamily Ancillinae.

BIOCAL, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 5, VAUBAN 1978-1979

The family Abyssochrysidae, with the single genus Abyssochrysos, is revised, based on type material and new material from the bathyal and abyssal zones of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific in tropical or subtropical latitudes. Of the five species recognized, two are described as new: Abyssochrysos brasilianum n. sp., from the continental slope off southeastern Brazil, and A. bicinctum n. sp., from Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Abyssochrysos eburneum (Locard, 1897) is recorded for the first time since its description and A. melanioides Tomlin, 1927 is recorded from the Philippines and Indonesia. Ali of the species in the family are illustrated.

CORINDON 2, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2

Xastilia kosugei n.gen., n.sp. is described from depths of 250--300 m on Capel Bank, a guyot in the Coral Sea, SW Pacific. The shell resembles those of the Coralliophilidae, but its radula is characteristic of the muricid subfamily Muricopsinae.

MUSORSTOM 5

Calliotectum Dall, 1890, until now a monotypic deep-water volute genus from the Eastern Pacifie, is shown to be a senior synonym of Teramachia Kuroda, 1931 from the Western Pacifie. Pakaurangia Finlay, 1926 (originally Thiaridae; Miocene of New Zealand) and Butonius Martin, 1933 (originally Fusinidae; Neogene of Indonesia) are new synonyms. Ca/liotectum has a fossil record in the Neogene of the Pacifie region (Okinawa, Indonesia, New Zealand and Ecuador), with a total of 5 species. Ali fossi! records are from deep-water facies. Seven Recent species of Callioteetum are recognised, ail from deep water in tropical latitudes. Three species occur in South-East Asia and the Eastern Indian Ocean, at 200-1660 m depth. Of these, C. tibiaeforme is treated as a polytypic species, with C. johnsoni and C. dupreyae considered to be geographical forms. Calliotectum piersonorum sp. nov. and C. egregium sp. nov. are described from the South-West Pacifie at 450-1060 m depth. Single species occur each in the East Pacifie and in the Caribbean.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BIOCAL, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 4

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, VAUBAN 1978-1979

The shell of Buccinaria, with its synonyms Dotomella and Pionotoma, is characterized by a wide subsutural ramp forming a broad, concave depression, and a short, broad siphonal canal. The general appearance is strongly convergent with shells of certain buccinid genera such as Eosipho. Radula and protoconch morphology confirm a placement of the genus in the family Conidae, subfamily Raphitominae. Buccinaria is known back to Miocene deposits of Europe, prior to the closure of Tethys, and persists only in the Indo-West Pacific. Recent species live on bathyal soft bottoms, where they appear to favour poorly oxygenated reducing sediments. The six species (two new) recognized live at depths between 200 and 1200 m. Buccinaria loochooensis, originally described from Neogene deposits of the Ryukyus, is recorded for the first time in the Recent fauna . Pionotoma teramachii and P. pyrum, two Recent nominal species from Japan, are synonymized with Buccinaria jonkeri and B. martini, respectively, both described from the Neogene of Indonesia. Cominella koperbergi and C. retifera fall within the range of variation of, and are synonymized with, Buccinaria jonkeri.

BATHUS 1, CORINDON 2, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3

MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9

The new genus Fusulculus, conchologically most similar to Benthobia Dall, 1889 and Zemira H. & A. Adams, 1853, is erected for axially sculptured species of Pseudolividae with shouldered whorls and obsolete labral tooth; the columellar and parietal callus is of very limited extent, and a parietal rib at the adapical end of the inner lip is absent. Two new species, Fusulculus crenatus (type of genus) and F albus are described from bathyal (400-800 m) hard bottoms at tropical and subtropical latitudes in the southwest Pacific. No post-Paleocene species of Pseudolividae are known from the tropical IndoPacific; the habitat of Fusulculus is bathymetrically transitional between those of Benthobia, from abyssal depths, and the various genera from subtidal waters in southern Australia, South Africa and Angola.

BATHUS 4, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 7, VOLSMAR

Volutomitra glabella n. sp., from off New Caledonia, is the second representative of the genus from the tropical South-West Pacific, where it has been recorded alive on hard bottoms in 258-525 m. Its anatomy is essentially similar to that of other boreal, Antarctic and Australasian species of Volutomitridae. It is sympatric with the V. vaubani species-complex, from which it differs by its larger adult size (17-25 mm), more vividly coloured shell, and larger protoconch (average diameter 1440,um vs average 1030,um in V. vaubani).

BATHUS 4, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, SMIB 10, SMIB 6

The anatomy of Latiromitra Locard, 1897, is very similar to that of other representatives of the Ptychatractinae, notably in the short or very short proboscis, the presence of an accessory salivary gland, the ventral odontophoral retractor passing through the nerve ring, and the position of the buccal mass at the proboscis base in contracted position. Latiromitra differs from Ceratoxancus by its fused salivary glands (clearly separate in Ceratoxancus). Based on anatomical and conchological characters, Cyomesus Quinn, 1981, and Okinawavoluta Noda, 1980, are confirmed and/or placed in the synonymy of Latiromitra. The genus currently comprises 10 Recent and Neogene species, three in the Atlantic, and seven in the Indo-West Pacific, all in deep water at low latitudes. Teramachia chaunax Bayer, 1971, is placed in the synonymy of Latiromitra cryptodon (P. Fischer, 1882), and the Recent Benthovoluta sakashitai Habe, 1976, is placed in the synonymy of the Pliocene Latiromitra okinavensis (MacNeil, 1961). Volutomitra? vitilevensis Ladd, 1982 is placed in Latiromitra. Three new species are described: Latiromitra paiciorum sp. nov. (New Caledonia, 960-1100 m), L. cacozeliana sp. nov. (Vanuatu, 536-775 m), and L. crosnieri sp. nov. (Madagascar and NE of Fiji, 600-800 m). In addition, Mitra styliola Dall, 1927, from off Georgia, USA, is tentatively referred to Latiromitra.

BATHUS 1, BIOCAL, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, ???msg.security.private???

LIFOU 2000

Based on radular and protoconch morphology, the genus Typhlosyrinx Thiele, 1925 has been successively classified in the subfamily Turriculinae of the family Turridae and in the subfamily Clathurellinae of the family Conidae. It is shown that the protoconch had earlier been misinterpreted, and the presence of a diagonally cancellated sculpture indicates a placement in the conid subfamily Raphitominae. Two conchologically similar genera, based on teleoconch sculpture and radular morphology are recognized: Typhlosyrinx, with axial ribbing on teleoconch spire whorls and a radula with long (250 mum) barbed teeth, and Leiosyrinx n. gen., without axial sculpture and a radula with short (< 100 mum) simplified teeth. Five species (two new) of Typhlosyrinx and four species (all new) of Leiosyrinx are recognized, all at bathyal depths between 280 and 1840 m in the tropical Indo-Pacific and Panamic provinces. The two genera are not known earlier than the Pliocene, where they already occurred in deep-water assemblages.

BATHUS 2, BATHUS 4, CORINDON 2, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 6, VAUBAN 1978-1979

One new genus and nine new species of Cancellariidae are described from New Caledonia from depths between 200 and 600 meters. They are: Africotriton adelphum new species, Mirandaphera new genus, Mirandaphera cayrei new species, Mirandaphera maestratii new species, Merica marisca new species, Sveltia rocroii new species, Sveltia splendidula new species, Nipponaphera pardalis new species, Nipponaphera cyphoma new species, and Nipponaphera goniata new species. Africotriton adelphum new species is the first species in that genus known from outside South Africa and Australia. The new genus Mirandaphera is characterized by its broad, non-umbilicate shell with very large crenulated axial ribs, and axial columella. The genus is composed of the new species described herein, Mirandaphera maestratii new species and M. cayrei new species, and two other species: M. tosaensis (Habe, 1961) new combination and M. arafurensis (Verhecken, 1997) new combination, from deep water off Japan and the Arafura Sea respectively. Trigonaphera teramachii Habe, 1961 and Agatrix. nodosivaricosa Petuch, 1979 are transferred to Nipponaphera. New species of Merica, Sveltia, and Nipponaphera are the deepest dwelling known representatives in their respective genera.

BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 2, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 5, SMIB 8

Morum clatratum n. sp. and Morum roseum n. sp. are described from depths of 100-200 m in the Marquesas Islands. Mode of development inferred from protoconch morphology and comparison with the protoconchs of Harpa with teleplanic larvae suggests that the new species have planktotrophic larval development, and that they are expected to range widely outside the Marquesas. In addition, Morum kurzi, M. macdonaldi, and M. teramachii, with inferred planktotrophic development, and M. watanabei, with inferred non-planktotrophic development, are newly recorded from South Pacific localities. The distribution of individual species of Morum appears to reflect dispersal during the planktonic phase, rather than movement of the lithospheric plates on the geological scale. The Caribbean Morum oniscus and M. lamarckii, respectively with inferred non-planktotrophic and planktotrophic development, are treated as separate valid species.

BATHUS 4, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, LITHIST, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 1, SMCB, SMIB 10, SMIB 4, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, ???msg.security.private???

LIFOU 2000

Recent deep-sea explorations in the South Pacific have documented around New Caledonia the most diverse fauna of gastropods of the family Volutomitridae anywhere in the world. Fourteen species (nine new, two remaining unnamed) are recorded, all essentially confined to the 250–750 m depth range. The high number of species in the New Caledonia region does not appear to be an effect of sampling intensity, but appears to result from four factors: regional spatial heterogeneity, frequency of hard substrates, syntopy, and a historical heritage shared with Australia and New Zealand, which until now ranked as the major centre of volutomitrid diversity. In the New Caledonia region, volutomitrids show a marked preference for hard bottoms and up to three species may cooccur in the same dredge haul. Many species appear to have extremely narrow geographical distributions within the region (e.g. a single seamount or a single submerged plateau); conversely, Microvoluta joloensis, the only non-endemic volutomitrid present in New Caledonia, ranges from the Mozambique Channel to Tonga.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHEDI, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CALSUB, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, NORFOLK 1, PALEO-SURPRISE, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979

Meganodontia acetabulum is described as a new genus and species of the Lucinidae, based on valves trawled at 256 to 472 m depths on the Tashi fishing ground off the northeastern coast of Taiwan. The new genus is close to Anodontia but differs mainly in the small umbones, the perfectly circular outline, the hinge and ligament, and the large muscle impressions. It is the largest known Recent species of Lucinidae. Other species of bivalves, belonging to families symbiotically associated with chemautotrophic bacteria, have been taken at the same or nearby stations, suggesting that the Tashi fishing ground is a site where chemosymblosis plays an important role in biomass production and ecosystem function.

TAIWAN 2001

The Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, formerly ORSTOM) and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) launched in the early 1980s a suite of oceanographic expeditions to sample the deep-water benthos of the tropical South and West Pacific, with emphasis on the 100-1,500 m bathymetric zone. This paper reviews the development of this programme to date. It describes the procedures involved in curating the material collected and the involvement of an international network of taxonomic experts to identify, describe and name the molluscan fauna. So far, 1,028 species of molluscs have been recorded from the New Caledonia Exclusive Economic Zone from depths below 100 m, and 601 of these (58.4%) were new species. An additional 142 new species have been described from other South Pacifi c island groups (Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga, Marquesas Islands and Austral Islands). However, the hyper-diverse families have essentially remained untouched. Regional differences among island groups are high, and New Caledonia, which has been sampled best, shows several discrete areas of micro-endemism. We speculate that the deep-sea mollusc fauna of New Caledonia may amount to 15-20,000 species, and the corresponding number for the whole South Pacifi c may be in the order of 20-30,000 species.

AURORA 2007, AZTEQUE, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BERYX 11, BERYX 2, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BOA0, BOA1, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, CORAIL 2, CORINDON 2, GEMINI, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, HALIPRO 2, KARUBAR, LAGON, LITHIST, LUMIWAN 2008, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PALEO-SURPRISE, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMCB, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, SMIB 9, TAIWAN 2000, TAIWAN 2001, TAIWAN 2002, TAIWAN 2004, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

Fifteen species of Cancellariidae referable to the genera Zeadmete, Admetula, Fusiaphera, Nipponaphera, and Trigonostoma are reported from depths between 200 and 700 m in New Caledonia and other island groups in the southwest Pacific. Twelve are new species: Zeadmete bathyomon new species, Zeadmete physomon new species, Zeadmete bilix new species, Admetula affluens new species, Admetula marshalli new species, Admetula bathynoma new species, Admetula lutea new species, Admetula emarginata new species, Nipponaphera argo new species, Nipponaphera agastor new species, Nipponaphera tuba new species, and Trigonostoma tryblium new species. All the Recent nominal species of Fusiaphera described from localities throughout the Indo-Pacific area Lire considered to be conspecific, the senior name being Fusiaphera macrospira (Adams and Reeve, 1.850), now with ten synonyms. The ranges of Nipponaphera nodosivaricosa (Petuch, 1.979) and Trigonostoma thysthlon Petit and Harasewych, 1987, are extended to the South Pacific.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 4, BIOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 1, EBISCO, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, SALOMON 1, SMIB 1, SMIB 5, SMIB 8, ???msg.security.private???, TAIWAN 2000, VAUBAN 1978-1979

PANGLAO 2004

A new genus-level classification of the Conoidea is presented, based on the molecular phylogeny of Puillandre et al. in the accompanying paper. Fifteen lineages are recognized and ranked as families to facilitate continuity in the treatment of the names Conidae (for 'cones') and Terebridae in their traditional usage. The hitherto polyphyletic 'Turridae' is now resolved as 13 monophyletic families, in which the 358 currently recognized genera and subgenera are placed, or tentatively allocated: Conorbidae (2 (sub) genera), Borsoniidae (34), Clathurellidae (21), Mitromorphidae (8), Mangeliidae (60), Raphitomidae (71), Cochlespiridae (9), Drilliidae (34), Pseudomelatomidae (=Crassispiridae) (59), Clavatulidae (14), Horaiclavidae new family (28), Turridae s. s. (16) and Strictispiridae (2). A diagnosis with description of the shell and radulae is provided for each of these families.

AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 4, BIOCAL, BOA1, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CONCALIS, EBISCO, ???msg.security.private???, LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979

SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006

LAGON, LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, RAPA 2002, SANTO 2006

Galeommatoidea are bivalves with small (usually 1–15 mm), fragile, sometimes vestigial, shells, occurring free-living or in association with other benthic invertebrates from the intertidal to depths in excess of 7,000 m. They are the most diverse but least studied and most underrepresented group of bivalves in biodiversity surveys and museum collections. The majority of commensal species of Galeommatoidea have dull, frequently uncoloured, unsculptured shells, but free-living species have papillate, sometimes coloured, mantles; they can be gregarious, and superficially resemble crawling gastropods. Many species of Galeommatoidea remain to be discovered, and we argue that future descriptions of free-living new species should ideally include photos of living animals, while many of the historically known species described based on their shells will probably be best treated as nomina dubia.

KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.2, KOUMAC 2.3, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006, ???msg.security.private???

Thirty five species attributed to Serrata Jousseaume, 1875 are recognized from the bathyal zone of New Caledonia. Four of these, S. beatrix (Cossignani, 2001), S. tuii (Cossignani, 2001), S. stylaster (Boyer, 2001) and S. boucheti (Boyer, 2001), were previously described in other genera, and 31 other species are here described as new. This series of 35 Serrata species from New Caledonia increases fi ve-fold the Recent specifi c diversity recognized in the genus. The diversity of Serrata species from New Caledonia is inferred to be very partially known, based on the fact that 31% of the identifi ed species are represented in the collections by only one specimen and that 51% were collected at only single stations. The important Serrata fauna documented here has an asymmetrical geographical distribution in New Caledonia, the highest diversity of species being found off far southern New Caledonia and on the northern Norfolk Ridge. The Serrata fauna from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Ridge and the Norfolk Ridge appears to be isolated in the southwest Pacifi c, but it has affi nities with several species occurring in the fossil or Recent fauna of Australia and New Zealand. The fossil distribution of Serrata extends from the Eocene of Alabama to the Pliocene of New Zealand. The distribution of the genus in the Recent seems to be restricted mostly to the southern Indo-Pacifi c latitudes from Cape Agulhas to the Tuamotu Islands, with maximum diversity from the Australian Platform to the Norfolk and New Caledonia Ridges. The fossil genera Euryentome Cossmann, 1899 and Conuginella Laseron, 1957 and the Recent genera Deviginella Laseron, 1957 and Serrataginella Coovert & Coovert, 1995 are proposed as junior synonyms of Serrata. Marginella anatina Lea, 1833 is used instead of Euryentome silabra Palmer, 1937 as the valid name for the type species of the genus Euryentome. The fossil genus Strombiginella Laseron, 1957 is placed in synonymy with the recent genus Hydroginella Laseron, 1957. Serrata and Hydroginella do not seem more closely related to each other than they are to Volvarina-Prunum or to the Austroginella and Dentimargo groups. The “Serrata Group” sensu Coovert & Coovert 1995, composed of Hydroginella, Serrata and 3 synonymous genera, is rejected as being a possibly polyphyletic assemblage. The high disparity in the specifi c shell morphologies of Serrata, the frequent combination of features found as typical in Volvarina and Dentimargo in the Recent, the occurrence of many morphological intergrades between these genera since the Mid-Eocene of the western Tethys sea, and the higher specifi c frequency of the plesiomorphic character of a radula with numerous cusps, together suggest that the genus Serrata may be situated near the base of the common stem from which most of the Recent groups of the Volvarina-Dentimargo complex have differentiated.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CHALCAL 2, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 6, NORFOLK 1, PALEO-SURPRISE, SMIB 3, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979

CORINDON 2, ???msg.security.private???, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3

The Terebridae are a diverse family of tropical and subtropical marine, gastropods that use a complex and modular venom apparatus to produce toxins that capture polychaete and enteropneust preys. The complexity of the terebrid venom apparatus suggests that venom apparatus development in the Terebridae could be linked to the diversification of the group and can be analyzed within a molecular phylogenetic scaffold to better understand terebrid evolution. Presented here is a molecular phylogeny of 89 terebrid species belonging to 12 of the 15 currently accepted genera, based on Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses of amplicons of 3 mitochondrial (COI, 165 and 12S) and one nuclear (28S) genes. The evolution of the anatomy of the terebrid venom apparatus was assessed by mapping traits of six related characters: proboscis, venom gland, odontophore, accessory proboscis structure, radula, and salivary glands. A novel result concerning terebrid phylogeny was the discovery of a previously unrecognized lineage, which includes species of Euterebra and Duplicaria. The non-monophyly of most terebrid genera analyzed indicates that the current genus-level classification of the group is plagued with homoplasy and requires further taxonomic investigations. Foregut anatomy in the family Terebridae reveals an inordinate diversity of features that covers the range of variability within the entire superfamily Conoidea, and that hypodermic radulae have likely evolved independently on at least three occasions. These findings illustrate that terebrid venom apparatus evolution is not perfunctory, and involves independent and numerous changes of central features in the foregut anatomy. The multiple emergence of hypodermic marginal radular teeth in terebrids are presumably associated with variable functionalities, suggesting that terebrids have adapted to dietary changes that may have resulted from predator-prey relationships. The anatomical and phylogenetic results presented serve as a starting point to advance investigations about the role of predator-prey interactions in the diversification of the Terebridae and the impact on their peptide toxins, which are promising bioactive compounds for biomedical research and therapeutic drug development. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ATIMO VATAE, BOA1, CONCALIS, EBISCO, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, ???msg.security.private???, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, ???msg.security.private???, TARASOC, TERRASSES

The KARUBAR cruise in 1991 collected a number of deep-sea lobster specimens from Indonesia. The material is found to contain five species of palinurids, five species of scyllarids and 11 species of nephropids. Although no new species were found, the KARUBAR material extends the known distributions for many species, such as Linuparus trigonus (von Siebold, 1824), Palinustus unicornutus Berry, 1979, lbacus pubescens Holthuis, 1960, I. novemdentatus Gibbes, 1850, Nephropsis acanthura Macpherson, 1990, N. holthuisi Macpherson, 1993,N. serrata Macpherson, 1993, N. stewarti Wood-Mason, 1872, N. sulcata Macpherson, 1990, and Metanephrops australiensis (Bruce, 1966). The most interesting finding is a complete specimen of Metanephrops arafurensis (de Man, 1905), which was previously known only from a mutilated type. Together with the additional knowledge gained of the characteristics of the other Metanephrops species, their relationships are discussed and a revised key to the species of this genus is provided.

CORINDON 2, KARUBAR, ???msg.security.private???

SANTO 2006

Material of Ethusinae collected by a French-Indonesian expedition in Indonesia (KARUBAR, 1991), and two French expeditions to Wallis and Futuna Islands (MUSORSTOM 7,1992), and off New Caledonia (BATHUS 3, 1993) yielded a total of 11 species belonging to three genera. One genus and five species are new and three species are recorded for the first time from Indonesia.

BATHUS 3, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 7

During the French-Indonesian expedition KARUBAR off Kai and Tanimbar Islands (Moluccas) in 1991, eight species of Stylodactylidae were collected. One of these species, Parastylodactylus moluccensis was new. Two other species, Parastylodactylus richeri Cleva, 1990, and Neostylodactylus affinis Hayashi & Miyake, 1968, are recorded from the region for the first time and the remaining five species, Stylodactylus tokarensis Zarenkov, 1968, S. multidentatus Kubo, 1942, S. libratus Chace, 1983, Parastylodactylus bimaxillaris (Bate, 1888), and Stylodactylus licinus Chace, 1983, are already known from the Indonesian area, the last one having been recorded recently by TAKEDA and HANAMURA (1994). On the other hand, some specimens, at first identified doubtfully as Stylodactylus libratus, and related to Stylodactylus pubescens Burukovsky, 1990, have been causing trouble to us, and we have not find till now a satisfying solution: they are mentionned here as Stylodactylus sp. Stylodactylus brevidactylus Cleva, 1990, considering the variability observed through 49 specimens of S. multidentatus Kubo collected during this cruise, is synonymised with this species. We added to the indonesian material, for each different species, the specimens collected recently from Wallis and Futuna, the Vanuatu and New-Caledonia. The species from these three countries which have not been collected during the KARUBAR expedition are mentionned at the end of this study.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, HALIPRO 1, KARUBAR, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 8

SANTO 2006

Species of the bivalve family Lucinidae form a previously unrecognized and signifi cant component of bivalve assemblages at bathyal depths (150-1000 m) in the Indo-West Pacifi c province. Elliptiolucina labeyriei n. gen., n. sp., from 2570 m, is the deepest-occurring lucinid species. South-East Asian seas, from Taiwan to the Arafura Sea, are a hotspot of deep-water lucinid diversity, with 11 species recorded from the Philippines and 14 from Indonesia. Numerous species are in the 20-50 mm range, with several up to 75-80 mm in size, and Meganodontia acetabulum reaches 150 mm. Several species co-occur with representatives of the Vesicomyidae, characteristic of seep and vent communities. It is hypothesized that the lucinid species of this radiation live in discrete pockets of poorly oxygenated sediments enriched in sulfi de by plant debris from nearby land masses and/or diffuse seeping. A parallel is drawn with the “Calcari a Lucina” from the Miocene of Europe. Nine new genera and 32 new species are described.

BENTHAUS, BORDAU 1, CORINDON 2, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 9, SALOMON 1, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, TAIWAN 2000, TAIWAN 2001, TAIWAN 2004

The neogastropod family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853 – tulips, horse-conchs, spindles, etc., comprises important representatives of tropical and subtropical molluscan assemblages, with over 500 species in the subfamilies Fasciolariinae Gray, 1853, Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 and Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880. Fasciolariids have had a rather complicated taxonomical history, with several genus names for a long time used as waste baskets to group many unrelated species; based on shell characters, recent taxonomic revisions have, however, began to set some order in its taxonomy. The present work is the first molecular approach to the phylogeny of Fasciolariidae based on a multigene dataset, which provides support for fasciolariids, an old group with a fossil record dating back to the Cretaceous. Molecular markers used were the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the nuclear genes 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and histone H3, sequenced for up to 116 ingroup taxa and 17 outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses revealed monophyly of Dolicholatirus Bellardi, 1884 and Teralatirus Coomans, 1965, however it was not possible to discern if the group is the sister clade to the remaining fasciolariids; the latter, on the other hand, proved monophyletic and contained highly supported groups. A first split grouped fusinines and Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884; a second split grouped the peristerniine genera Peristernia Mörch, 1852 and Fusolatirus Kuroda and Habe, 1971, while the last group comprised fasciolariines and the remaining peristerniines. None of these clades correspond to the present-day accepted circumscription of the three recognized subfamilies.

BIOPAPUA, KARUBENTHOS 2012, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006

La campagne franco-indonésienne KARUBAR, faite à bord du navire de recherche indonésien "Baruna Jaya I", s'est déroulée dans l'est de l'indonésie, en mer de Banda et d'Arafura, au large des îles Kai et Tanimbar. Les prospections ont porté sur la faune bathyale. Quatre-vingt-onze dragages et chalutages, à des profondeurs comprises entre 200 et 1200m, ont été effectués.

KARUBAR

Fissurellidae are marine gastropods with a worldwide distribution and a rich fossil record. We integrate molecular, geographical and fossil data to reconstruct the fissurellid phylogeny, estimate divergence times and investigate historical routes of oceanic dispersal. With five molecular markers for 143 terminals representing 27 genera, we resolve deep nodes and find that many genera (e.g., Emarginula, Diodora, Fissurella) are not monophyletic and need systematic revision. Several genera classified as Emarginulinae are recovered in Zeidorinae. Future work should prioritize emarginuline genera to improve understanding of ancestral traits and the early evolution of fissurellids. Tree calibration with the fossilized birth-death model indicates that crown fissurellids originated around 175 Ma, and generally resulted in younger ages for the earliest nodes than the node dating approach. Model-based biogeographic reconstruction, supported by fossils, infers an Indo-West Pacific origin, with a westward colonization of new oceans via the Tethys Seaway upon the breakup of Pangea. Western Atlantic clades then served as source for dispersal towards other parts of the globe. As the sister group to all other fissurellids, Rimula is ranked in its own subfamily, Rimulinae stat. nov. New synonyms: Hemitominae syn. nov. of Zeidorinae stat. nov.; Cranopsis syn. nov. of Puncturella; Variegemarginula syn. nov. of Montfortula.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CEAMARC-AA, CONCALIS, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, TARASOC

Fissurellidae are marine gastropods with a worldwide distribution and a rich fossil record. We integrate molecular, geographical and fossil data to reconstruct the fissurellid phylogeny, estimate divergence times and investigate historical routes of oceanic dispersal. With five molecular markers for 143 terminals representing 27 genera, we resolve deep nodes and find that many genera (e.g., Emarginula, Diodora, Fissurella) are not monophyletic and need systematic revision. Several genera classified as Emarginulinae are recovered in Zeidorinae. Future work should prioritize emarginuline genera to improve understanding of ancestral traits and the early evolution of fissurellids. Tree calibration with the fossilized birth-death model indicates that crown fissurellids originated around 175 Ma, and generally resulted in younger ages for the earliest nodes than the node dating approach. Model-based biogeographic reconstruction, supported by fossils, infers an Indo-West Pacific origin, with a westward colonization of new oceans via the Tethys Seaway upon the breakup of Pangea. Western Atlantic clades then served as source for dispersal towards other parts of the globe. As the sister group to all other fissurellids, Rimula is ranked in its own subfamily, Rimulinae stat. nov. New synonyms: Hemitominae syn. nov. of Zeidorinae stat. nov.; Cranopsis syn. nov. of Puncturella; Variegemarginula syn. nov. of Montfortula.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CEAMARC-AA, CONCALIS, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, TARASOC

Pleurobranchaeidae from deep sea collections made off the Philippines, Indonesia, Coral Sea, Vanuatu, and the Marquesas Islands, are investigated. Pleurobranchaea catherinae sp. novo is described from depths between 346 and 820 m and represents the first deep-sea species of Pleurobranchaea from the Indo-Pacific. Pleurobranchella nicobarica Thiele, 1925 is newly recorded from Vanuatu, Philippines and the Marquesas, and its anatomy is described. Gigantonotum Lin & Tchang, 1965 is confirmed as a synonym of Pleurobranchella.

KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9

KARUBAR

Material from recent expeditions off Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna islands (NE of Fiji) include new records of deep water Pectinoidea. The 20 species recorded from Vanuatu are shared with New Caledonia (80%), Indonesia (70%) and Wallis and Futuna (60%), and the 24 species recorded from Wallis and Futuna are shared with New Caledonia (75%), Indonesia (63%) and Vanuatu (54%). Parvamussium musorstomi sp. novo is described from Wallis and Futuna. The New Caledonia records of Propeamussium maorium are revised and reidentified as P. investigatoris. Parvamussium cristatellum and Propeamussium siratama are recorded and P. richeri sp. novo is described from New Caledonia. A lectotype is designated for Propeamussiwn jefjreysii.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, HALIPRO 1, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 10, SMIB 8

Fifty-two deep-water species of Pectinoidea (37 Propeamussiidae, 1 Entoliidae, 14 Pectinidae) are listed from Norfolk Ridge (11 species), Loyalty Islands (4 species), Fiji Islands (30 species), Tonga (26 species), Solomon Islands (26 species) and the Marquesas archipelago (8 species). All species from Fiji, Tonga and the Marquesas are new records and six species of Propeamussiidae are new to science: Propeamussium boucheti (Fiji and Tonga), Parvamussium biformatum (Solomons), Parvamussium lozoueti (Fiji and Tonga), Parvamussium marquesanum (Marquesas), Parvamussium polynesianum (Marquesas) and Similipecten herosae (Tonga). Two new combinations (Hyalopecten tydemani, Talochlamys gladysiae) are introduced.

BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, LIFOU 2000, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 9, SALOMON 1

The genus Cypraeopsis was so far known from two species in the Miocene of Europe and South-East Asia. An unnamed species is here recorded from the upper Oligocene of France and C. superstes sp. Nov. Is described from the Recent bathyal fauna of New Caledonia and Reunion. C. superstes differs from the fossil species by the body whorl being spirally sculptured, by the outer lip undulating as in Pedicularia, and by the protruding, uncovered protoconch. A character tentatively interpreted as progenetic. C. superstes thus appears paradoxically as an evolved relict.

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, MD32 (REUNION), MUSORSTOM 4, SMIB 3

The Indo-Pacific species of Trivia, Dolichupis and Trivellona are revised, based on the most abundant and comprehensive material ever brought together and reveals a previously unsuspected diversity of Triviinae in the upper bathyal zone (200-500 m) of the tropical West Pacific. The description of this fauna gives an opportunity to reevaluate the validity of numerous species- and genus-group taxa recognized earlier, both in the littoral and deep water zones. The present paper deals with Trivia Broderip, 1837, Decoriatrivia Cate, 1979, Dolichupis Iredale, 1930, and Trivellona Iredale, 1931. A forthcoming study will deal with Trivirostra Jousseaume, 1884, Cleotrivia Iredale, 1930, and Semitrivia Cossmann, 1903. By First Reviser action, Ellatrivia Iredale, 1931 is given precedence over Fossatrivia Iredale, 193 I . Decoriatrivia is treated as a subgenus of Trivia; Dolichupis is regarded as generically distinct from Pusula; the nominal genus Pseudotrivia is synonymized with Trivellona. Trivia (T.) cylindrica sp. novo from the Philippines, and Trivia (T.) vitrosphaera sp. nov., from New Caledonia, represent the first records of Trivia (T.) in the Indo-Pacific. Their deep-water occurrence contrasts with that of the six or so species from the littoral of the temperate and tropical eastern Atlantic. Dolichupis malvabasis sp. nov., a deep water species from the Philippines, is closely related to the type species and sole other representative of Dolichupis, D. producta (Gaskoin, 1836). Nine named and six new species are recognized in Trivellona: T. bulla sp. nov., T. conjonctiva sp. nov., T. oligopleura sp. nov., T. syzygia sp. novo and T. galea sp. nov., all from New Caledonia, and T. eglantina sp. novo from the Philippines. Trivia valerieae Hart, 1996 [= Erato tetatua Hart, 1996, syn. Nov.; First Reviser] is treated as a SW Pacific subspecies of T. paucicostata (Schepman, 1909); T. Shimajiriiensis McNeil, 1961, described from the Pliocene of Okinawa, is now recorded in the Recent fauna of the Philippines. Pusula niasensis Wissema, 1948 is a new synonym of Dolichupis producta (Gaskoin, 1836), Pseudotrivia sagamiensis KUI'oda & Habe, 1971 is a new synonym of T. sibogae (Schepman, 1909), and Fossatrivia suduirauti Lorenz, 1996 is a new synonym of T. speciosa (Kuroda & Cate, 1979). Three nominal species described by Cate (1979) supposedly from the Philippines are shown to be wrongly localized and synonyms of Atlantic taxa: Pseudotrivia samarensis is synonymized with Trivia (T.) arctica (Pulteney, 1799) from Europe, and Pseudotrivia dumaliensis and Niveria (Cleotrivia) aquatanica are both synonymized with Niveria (N) nix Schilder, 1922 from the Caribbean. Decoriatrivia halians Cate, 1979 and D. but'ius Cate, 1979 are both synonymized with Trivia (Decoriatrivia) pauci!irata Sowerby, 1870 from the Panamic Province.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, GEMINI, KARUBAR, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

Species in the family Capulidae (Littorinimorpha: Capuloidea) display a wide range of shell morphologies. Several species are known to live in association with other benthic invertebrates—mostly bivalves and sabellid worms, but also other gastropods—and are believed to be kleptoparasitic filter feeders that take advantage of the water current produced by the host. This peculiar trophic ecology, implying a sedentary lifestyle, has resulted in highly convergent shell forms. This is particularly true for the genus Hyalorisia Dall, 1889, which occurs in deep water in the Caribbean and Indo-West Pacific provinces, with two nominal species recognized so far. Combining morphological, ecological and molecular data, we assessed the diversity of the genus, its phylogenetic position inside the family and its association with its bivalve host, the genus Propeamussium de Gregorio, 1884 (Pectinoidea), resulting in the description of nine new cryptic species. When sympatric, species of Hyalorisia are associated with different host species, but the same species of Propeamussium may be the host of several allopatric species of Hyalorisia.

AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, CORSICABENTHOS 1, EBISCO, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.3, MADEEP, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, ZhongSha 2015

A coiled shell is the most evident feature of the typical Bauplan of a gastropod mollusc. However, at least 54 families independently evolved an apparently simplified shell morphology: the limpet. Species with this largely uncoiled, depressed shell morphology occur in almost every aquatic habitat and are associated to a number of different lifestyles and diets. The marine gastropod family Capulidae includes 18 recognised genera, the large majority of which are coiled, but with a number of limpet-like species. Capulid shell plasticity is also associated to a broad range of feeding ecologies, from obligate suspension feeders to kleptoparasites.

KARUBENTHOS 2, KOUMAC 2.3, PANGLAO 2004

Abstract The systematics of the marine mollusc family Velutinidae has long been neglected by taxonomists, mainly because their often internal and fragile shells offer no morphological characters. Velutinids are usually undersampled owing to their cryptic mantle coloration on the solitary, social or colonial ascidians on which they feed and lay eggs. In this study, we address the worldwide diversity and phylogeny of Velutinidae based on the largest molecular dataset (313 specimens) to date, accounting for > 50% of the currently accepted genera, coupled with morphological and ecological data. Velutinids emerge as a diverse group, encompassing four independent subfamily-level lineages, two of which are newly described herein: Marseniopsinae subfam. nov. and Hainotinae subfam. nov. High diversity was found at genus and species levels, with two newly described genera (Variolipallium gen. nov. and Pacifica gen. nov.) and ≥ 86 species in the assayed dataset, 58 of which are new to science (67%). Velutinidae show a remarkable morphological plasticity in shell morphology, mantle extension and chromatic patterns. This variability is likely to be the result of different selective forces, including habitat, depth and trophic interactions.

ATIMO VATAE, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, CEAMARC-AA, CORSICABENTHOS 1, CORSICABENTHOS 2, CORSICABENTHOS 3, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, KANACONO, KANADEEP 2, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.3, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SAKIZAYA 2019, SANTO 2006, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ZhongSha 2015

Background:  Planaxis sulcatus has been touted as a textbook example of poecilogony, with members of this wideranging Indo-Pacific marine gastropod said to produce free-swimming veligers as well as brooded juveniles. A recent paper by Wiggering et al. (BMC Evol Biol 20:76, 2020) assessed a mitochondrial gene phylogeny based on partial COI and 16S rRNA sequences for 31 individuals supplemented by observations from the brood pouch of 64 mostly unsequenced individuals. ABGD and bGYMC supported three reciprocally monophyletic clades, with two distributed in the Indo-Pacific, and one restricted to the northern Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Given an apparent lack of correlation between clade membership and morphological differentiation or mode of development, the reported 3.08% maximum K2P model-corrected genetic divergence in COI among all specimens was concluded to represent population structuring. Hence, the hypothesis that phylogenetic structure is evidence of cryptic species was rejected and P. sulcatus was concluded to represent a case of geographic poecilogony. Results:  Our goal was to reassess the case for poecilogony in Planaxis sulcatus with a larger molecular dataset and expanded geographic coverage. We sequenced an additional 55 individuals and included published and unpublished sequence data from other sources, including from Wiggering et al. Our dataset comprised 108 individuals (88 COI, 81 16S rRNA) and included nine countries unrepresented in the previous study. The expanded molecular dataset yielded a maximum K2P model-corrected genetic divergence among all sequenced specimens of 12.09%. The value of 3.08% erroneously reported by Wiggering et al. is the prior maximal distance value that yields a single-species partition in ABGD, and not the maximum K2P intraspecific divergence that can be calculated for the dataset. The bGMYC analysis recognized between two and six subdivisions, while the best-scoring ASAP partitions recognized two, four, or five subdivisions, not all of which were robustly supported in Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated and single gene datasets. These hypotheses yielded maximum intra-clade genetic distances in COI of 2.56–6.19%, which are more consistent with hypothesized species-level thresholds for marine caenogastropods. Conclusions:  Based on our analyses of a more comprehensive dataset, we conclude that the evidence marshalled by Wiggering et al. in support of Planaxis sulcatus comprising a single widespread, highly variable species with geographic poecilogony is unconvincing and requires further investigation in an integrative taxonomic framework.

ATIMO VATAE, INHACA 2011, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, SANTO 2006

KARUBENTHOS 2, KOUMAC 2.3, PANGLAO 2004

Aim: The unique biodiversity in the Red Sea is the result of complex ecological and evolutionary processes driven by Pleistocene climatic change. Here we investigate the species diversity, phylogenetic relationships and phylogeographical patterns of giant clams in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and the Red Sea to explore scenarios of marine speciation in this under-studied region.

ATIMO VATAE, INHACA 2011, KAVIENG 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI

The neogastropod family Costellariidae is a large and successful group of carnivorous marine mollusks that encompasses about 475 living species. Costellariids are most diverse in the tropical Indo-Pacific at a depth interval of 0–200 m, where they are largely represented by numerous species commonly assigned to the genus Vexillum. The present work expands the taxon sampling of a previous phylogeny of the mitriform gastropods to resolve earlier problematic relationships, and thus establish a robust framework of the family, revise its taxonomy, and uncover major trends in the evolution of costellariid morphology. A multicuspidate rachidian is shown to have appeared at least twice in the evolutionary history of the family: it is regarded as an apomorphy of the primarily Indo-Pacific Vexillum–Austromitra–Atlantilux lineage, and has evolved independently in the Nodicostellaria–Mitromica lineage of the western hemisphere. The genera Ceratoxancus and Latiromitra are transferred from the Ptychatractidae to the Costellariidae. Tosapusia, Protoelongata, and Pusia are ranked as full genera, the latter with the three subgenera Pusia, Ebenomitra, and Vexillena. Vexillum (Costellaria) and Zierliana are treated as synonyms of Vexillum. The replacement name Suluspira is proposed for Visaya Poppe, Guillot de Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006, non Ahyong, 2004 (Crustacea). We introduce four new genera, Alisimitra, Costapex, Turriplicifer, and Orphanopusia, and characterize their anatomy; 14 new species, mostly from deep water in the Indo-Pacific, are described in the genera Tosapusia, Alisimitra, Costapex, and Pusia. At least two species of Costapex gen. nov. have been collected from sunken wood.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BATHUS 3, BENTHAUS, BIOCAL, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, EBISCO, EXBODI, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 2, SMIB 4, TARASOC, TERRASSES, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???

With about 800 Recent species, ‘miters’ are a widely distributed group of tropical and subtropical gastropods that are most diverse in the Indo-West Pacific. They include the two families Mitridae and Costellariidae, similar in shell morphology and traditionally treated as close relatives. Some genera of deep-water Ptychatractidae and Volutomitridae are close to miters in shell morphology, and the term ‘mitriform gastropods’ has been introduced to refer to Mitridae, Costellariidae, and this assortment of convergent forms. The present study aimed at the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships of mitriform gastropods based on representative taxon sampling. Four genetic markers [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S and 12S rRNA mitochondrial genes, and H3 (Histone 3) nuclear gene] were sequenced for over 90 species in 20 genera, and the molecular data set was supplemented by studies of radula morphology. Our analysis recovered Mitridae as a monophyletic group, whereas the genus Mitra was found to be polyphyletic. Of 42 mitrid species included in the analysis, 37 formed a well-supported ‘core Mitridae’ consisting of four major clades, three of them consistent with the subfamilies Cylindromitrinae, Imbricariinae, and Mitrinae, and Strigatella paupercula standing out by itself. Basal to the ‘core Mitridae’ are four minor lineages, with the genus Charitodoron recognized as sister group to all other Mitridae. The deepwater family Pyramimitridae shows a sister relationship to the Mitridae, with high support for a Pyramimitridae + Mitridae clade. Our results recover the monophyly of the Costellariidae, which form a wellsupported clade that also includes Ptychatractidae, Columbariinae, and Volutomitridae, but not Mitridae. Most derived and diverse amongst Costellariidae are species of Vexillum, characterized by a bow-shaped, multicuspidate rachidian tooth. Several previously unrecognized deep-water costellariid lineages are revealed. Their members retain some plesiomorphies – in particular a tricuspidate rachidian tooth – that makes them morphologically intermediate between ptychatractids and Vexillum. The taxa of Ptychatractidae included in the analysis are not monophyletic, but form three well-supported, unrelated groupings, corresponding respectively to Ceratoxancus + Latiromitra, Exilia, and Exiliodea. None of them shows an affinity to Pseudolividae.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CONCALIS, EBISCO, EXBODI, INHACA 2011, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TARASOC, TERRASSES, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???

Alongside confirmation of the monophyly of the gastropod family Mitridae, a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis disclosed multiple inconsistencies with the existing taxonomic framework. In the present study, we expanded the molecular sampling to 103 species, representing 26% of the 402 extant species currently accepted in the family and 16 of the 19 currently accepted extant genera; 83 species were sequenced for four molecular markers [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S and 12S rRNA, and H3 (Histone 3)]. Molecular analyses were supplemented by morphological studies, focused on characters of the radula and, in a more restricted data set, proboscis anatomy. These data form the basis for a revised classification of the Mitridae. A first dichotomy divides mitrids into two unequal clades, Charitodoron and the Mitridae s.s. Species of Charitodoron show profound differences to all other Mitridae in foregut anatomy (lacking an epiproboscis) and shell morphology (smooth columella, bulbous protoconch of non-planktotrophic type), which leads to the erection of the separate family Charitodoronidae fam. nov. Three traditional subfamilies (Mitrinae, Cylindromitrinae and Imbricariinae) correspond to three of the inferred phylogenetic lineages of Mitridae s.s.; we redefine their contents, reinstate Strigatellinae Troschel, 1869 as valid and establish the new subfamily Isarinae. In the absence of molecular material, a sixth subfamily, Pleioptygmatinae, is included in Mitridae based on morphological considerations only. To resolve the polyphyly of Mitra and Cancilla in their current taxonomic extension, we reinstate the genera Episcomitra Monterosato, 1917, Isara H. & A. Adams, 1853 and Probata Sarasúa, 1989 and establish 11 new genera: Quasimitra, Roseomitra, Fusidomiporta, Profundimitra, Cancillopsis, Pseudonebularia, Gemmulimitra and Neotiara in Mitrinae; Imbricariopsis in Imbricariinae; Carinomitra and Condylomitra are left unassigned to a subfamily. Altogether 32 genera are recognized within the family. Their diversity and distribution are discussed, along with general trends in morphological evolution of the family.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOCAL, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, CORAIL 2, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 4, TARASOC, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???

Marginelliform gastropods are a heterogeneous and diverse group of molluscs encompassing over 1,600 living species, among which are the smallest known neogastropods. The relationships of marginelliform gastropods within the order Neogastropoda are controversial, and the monophyly of the two marginelliform families the Marginellidae J. Fleming, 1828 and the Cystiscidae Stimpson, 1865, remains unconfirmed. DNA sequence data have never been used to assess the relationships of the marginelliform gastropods, making this group the only major branch missing in our current understanding of the neogastropod tree of life. Here we report results of the first multilocus phylogenetic analysis of marginelliform gastropods, which is based on a dataset comprising 63 species (20 genera) of Marginellidae and Cystiscidae, and a wide range of neogastropod lineages. The Marginellidae and Cystiscidae form a moderately supported clade that is sister to the family Volutidae. Marginellona gigas appears to be sister to all other marginelliforms. The subfamily Marginellinae was recovered as a well-supported clade, and good resolution of this part of the tree makes it possible to propose amendments to the family-level classification of the group. The relationship between Granulina and other marginelliforms could not be resolved and requires further study. Due to poor resolution of basal relationships within the Marginellidae–Cystiscidae clade, the monophyly of the Cystiscidae was neither confirmed nor convincingly rejected. The shell morphology of most marginellid and cystiscid genera is taxonomically not very informative but, nevertheless, of the traditionally recognized genera only Gibberula and Dentimargo were shown to be polyphyletic. Although a comprehensive systematic revision of the group requires more extensive taxonomic sampling (e.g. with better representation of the type species of nominal genus-group names), our results support the superfamily Volutoidea, comprising four families (Volutidae, Cystiscidae, Marginellidae and Marginellonidae), with the placement of the Granulinidae uncertain for the time being.

ATIMO VATAE, ???msg.security.private???, DongSha 2014, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KARUBENTHOS 2, KAVIENG 2014, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???

The small conoidean Hemilienardia ocellata is one of the easily recognizable Indo-Pacific “turrids”, primarily because of its remarkable eyespot colour pattern. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed four species that share this “characteristic” colour pattern but demonstrate consistent differences in size and shell proportions. Three new species – Hemilienardia acinonyx sp. nov. from the Philippines, H. lynx sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea and H. pardus sp. nov. from the Society and Loyalty Islands – are described based on the results of phylogenetic analyses. Although the H. ocellata species complex clade falls in a monophyletic Hemilienardia, H. ocellata and H. acinonyx sp. nov. possess a radula with semi-enrolled or notably flattened triangular marginal teeth, a condition that diverges substantially from the standard radular morphology of Hemilienardia and other raphitomids.

KAVIENG 2014, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 10, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006

The tropical deep-water Cominellinae commonly assigned to the genera Manaria E. A. Smith, 1906 and Eosipho Thiele, 1929 are revised. While the taxonomic details at the generic level were discussed by Kantor et al. (2013), the species level is discussed here. Twentyone new species are described: Manaria astrolabis n. sp. (French Polynesia), M. borbonica n. sp. (Réunion), M. circumsonaxa n. sp. (Papua New Guinea and the Solomons), M. corindoni n. sp. (Indonesia), M. corporosis n. sp. (the Solomons, Vanuatu, Coral Sea and New Caledonia), M. explicibilis n. sp. (Papua New Guinea and the Solomons), M. excalibur n. sp. (Indonesia and Western Australia), M. fluentisona n. sp. (the Solomons, Fiji, Wallis and Tonga), M. hadorni n. sp. (Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia), M. indomaris n. sp. (India), M. loculosa n. sp. (Fiji), M. lozoueti n. sp. (North Fiji Basin), M. terryni n. sp. (Mozambique Channel), M. tongaensis n. sp. (Tonga), M. tyrotarichoides n. sp. (Mozambique Channel), Calagrassor bacciballus n. sp. (Philippines), C. delicatus n. sp. (New Zealand), C. hespericus n. sp. (Mozambique), C. pidginoides n. sp. (Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the Solomons and Vanuatu), Enigmaticolus marshalli n. sp. (Kermadec Ridge, Monowai Caldera), and E. voluptarius n. sp. (New Caledonia). Considerable range extensions are recorded: Manaria kuroharai Azuma, 1960 is recorded from the Solomons, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Tonga; M. brevicaudata (Schepman, 1911) is recorded from Taiwan, the Philippines, the Solomons and Fiji; and Calagrassor poppei (Fraussen, 2001) is recorded from Indonesia and the Solomons. Lathyrus jonkeri Koperberg, 1931, a fossil described from Indonesia, is recorded from the Recent fauna of Indonesia, Philippines and Fiji and is redescribed and placed in Manaria. Sipho jonkeri Koperberg, 1931, another fossil described from Indonesia in the same work, is a secondary homonym of Manaria jonkeri (Koperberg, 1931) and is renamed Manaria koperbergae nom. nov.

AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, ???msg.security.private???, BIOPAPUA, BOA0, BOA1, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 1, CONCALIS, CORAIL 2, CORINDON 2, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, EBISCO, HALIPRO 1, KARUBAR, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, TAIWAN 2000, TAIWAN 2001, TAIWAN 2002, TAIWAN 2004, TARASOC, TERRASSES, VOLSMAR

MUSORSTOM 8, SANTO 2006

Extracting DNA from gastropods presents particular difficulties due to the capacity of the living animal to retract into the shell, resulting in poor penetration of the ethanol into the tissues. Because the shell is essential to establish the link between sequences and traditional taxonomic identity, cracking the shell to facilitate fixation is not ideal. Several methods are currently in routine use to overcome this difficulty, including chemical relaxation, drilling the shell and boiling. Most of these methods are time-consuming, may be safety hazards and constitute a bottleneck in the preparation of large numbers of specimens in the field. We have experimented with a method traditionally used to clean shells that involves placing the living gastropods in a microwave (MW) oven; the electromagnetic radiation very quickly heats both the animal and the water trapped inside the shell, resulting in separation of the muscles that anchor the animal to the shell. Done properly, the body can be removed intact from the shell and the shell voucher is preserved undamaged. To test the method, the bodies of live-collected specimens from two gastropod species were separated from their shell by microwaving and by anesthetizing/drilling. After identical extraction and PCR procedures, the gels showed no difference in DNA quantity or quality, and the resulting sequences are identical within species. The method was then implemented on a large scale during expeditions, resulting in higher percentage of DNA extraction success. The MWs are also effective for quickly and easily removing other molluscs from their shells, that is, bivalves and scaphopods. Workflows implementing the MW technique show a three- to fivefold increase in productivity compared with other methods.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, KARUBENTHOS 2012, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006, ???msg.security.private???

Nassariidae are a group of scavenging, predominantly marine, snails that are diversified on soft bottoms as well as on rocky shores, and are the subject of numerous research papers in ecology, ecotoxicology or paleontology. A weak and/or apparently continuous variation in shell characters has resulted in an intimidating taxonomy, with complex synonymy lists. Over 1320 extant nominal species have been described, of which 442 are currently regarded as valid. Above species level, the state of the art is equally hazy, with four subfamilies and twelve genera currently accepted, and many other names in the graveyard of synonymy. A molecular analysis based on three mitochondrial (COI, 16S, 12S) and two nuclear (28S, H3) markers was conducted. Our dataset includes 218 putative nassariid species, comprising 9 of the 12 valid genera, and 25 nominal genera represented by their type species. The monophyly of the Nassariidae as classically construed is not confirmed. Species of Antillophos, Engoniophos, Phos, Nassaria, Tomlinia and Anentome (formerly considered Buccinidae) are included inside the Nassariidae clade. Within the Nassariinae, the tree unexpectedly demonstrates that species from the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific form different clades which represent several independent diversification events. Through an integrative approach, the reconstruction of ancestral states was addressed for eight characters supposedly informative for taxonomy. Using numerous fossil calibration points, Nassariidae appear to have originated 120 MYA ago in Atlantic temperate waters during the Lower Cretaceous. Our results have a profound impact on nassariid taxonomy, especially with regard to the validity of subfamily- and genus-level names.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CONCALIS, EBISCO, EXBODI, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2012, LIFOU 2000, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TARASOC, TERRASSES

During the examination of a large suite of tropical deep-water molluscs, a number of Solenogastres were found, some of them typically curled around gorgonian stems. A subsequent closer examination of the Solenogastres revealed another type of object also curled around the gorgonians, which strongly resembled Solenogastres but lacked their external features. These objects proved to be cocoons with egg capsules, each containing two eggs or young larvae, typical of the parasitic platyhelminth group Fecampiida.

BORDAU 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 8

A survey of the deep-water malacofauna of New Caledonia has brought to light two species referable to the subfamily Columbariinae (Gastropoda: Turbinellidae). Coluzea faeeta sp. nov. is described from off the Isle of Pines at depths of 385-500 m. Additional specimens of Coluzea pinicola Darragh, 1987, previously described from off the Isle of Pines, serve as the basis for the description of the new genus Fustifusus. Serratifusus virginiae sp. nov. And Serratifusus lineatus sp. nov., two recent species of the columbariform genus Serratifusus Darragh. 1969. previously known only from deep-water fossil deposits of Miocene age. Are also described. On the basis of anatomical and radular data, Serratifusus is transferred from the Columbariinae to the family Buccinidae.

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, SMIB 4, VAUBAN 1978-1979

The centre of marine maximum marine biodiversity has become increasingly important as a means to draw attention to the conservation of coral reefs. Due to its shape, it has been named the Coral Triangle, which is supposed to encompass all or some of the reefs of the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The criteria used to define this diversity centre as it is presently recognized, are based on high numbers of species recorded from within this centre. However, data within and, especially, from outside the centre's hypothetical boundaries are far from complete due to insufficient sampling. Ideally, study areas should be surveyed by the same scientits using the same methods for reaching any conclusions regarding their position in or outside the centre of maximum marine biodiversity.

SANTO 2006

Toxoglossate marine gastropods, traditionally assigned to the families Conidae, Terebridae, and Turridae, are one of the most populous animal groups that use venom to capture their prey. These marine animals are generally characterized by a venom apparatus that consists of a muscular venom bulb and a tubular venom gland. The toxoglossan radula, often compared with a hypodermic needle for its use as a conduit to inject toxins into prey, is considered a major anatomical breakthrough that assisted in the successful initial radiation of these animals in the Cretaceous and early Tertiary. The pharmacological success of toxins from cone snails has made this group a star among biochemists and neuroscientists, but very little is known about toxins from the other Toxoglossa, and the phylogeny of these families is largely in doubt. Here we report the first molecular phylogeny for the Terebridae and use the results to infer the evolution of the venom apparatus for this group. Our findings indicate that most of the genera of terebrids are polyphyletic, and one species ("Terebra" (s.l.) jungi) is the sister group to all other terebrids. Molecular analyses combined with mapping of venom apparatus morphology indicate that the Terebridae have lost the venom apparatus at least twice during their evolution. Species in the genera Terebra and Hastula have the typical venom apparatus found in most toxoglossate gastropods, but all other terebrid species do not. For venomous organisms, the dual analysis of molecular phylogeny and toxin function is an instructive combination for unraveling the larger questions of phylogeny and speciation. The results presented here suggest a paradigm shift in the current understanding of terebrid evolution, while presenting a road map for discovering novel terebrid toxins, a largely unexplored resource for biomedical research and potential therapeutic drug development.

BOA1, EBISCO, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, ???msg.security.private???

The New Caledonian species of Typhinae are revised. A total of 11 species are recorded ; 5, all from deep-sea, are new : Siphonochelus (S.) angustus; S. (S.) boucheti; 5. (S.) saitantis; S. (S.) unicornis and S. (? Siphonochelus) undulalus. All the species are described and illustrated together with comparative material. The radulae of 3 species are illustrated : Typhis (Typhina) carolinae Houart, 1987; Siphonochelus (S.) boucheti sp. nov. And S. (S.) saitantis sp. nov. Position and angle of anal tubes are considered to be a good criterion for the separation of species.

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, VAUBAN 1978-1979

Sixteen species of Muricidae were collected during the French-Indonesian KARUBAR cruise. Most of them are new records for the region. Leptotrophon kastoroae sp. nov. is described and compared to three similar species from New Caledonia.

KARUBAR

Maculotriton ingens Houart, 1987 is transfen'ed from Ergalataxinae to Ingensia gen. novo in Muricinae. Phyllocoma Tapparone Canefri, 1881 is tentatively assigned to Muricinae, and Pagodula Monterosato, 1884, a hitherto Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic monotypic genus, is here used to include several Indo-West Pacific, eastern, and western Atlantic species formerly assigned to Trophonopsis Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882 or to Trophon S. l. Additional records of previously described and I or recorded species of Pterynotus Swainson, 1833, Actinotrophon Dall, 1902, Leptotrophon Houart, 1995, and Pagodula Monterosato, 1884 from the New Caledonia region are noted. Eleven new species are described. Five are representatives of Muricinae: Pterynotus (Pterynotus) rubidus sp. nov., Dermomurex (Trialatella) triclotae sp. nov., and Ingensia brithys gen. novo and sp. nov., from New Caledonia, Phyllocoma platyca sp. novo from off Wallis Island, and Poirieria (Actinotrophon) tenuis sp. novo from Vanuatu and off Wallis; one is a muricopsine: Muricopsis (Murexsul) micra sp. novo from New Caledonia; four are trophonine: Leptotrophon alis sp. nov., L. chlidanos sp. nov., L. perclarus sp. nov., and Pagodula procera sp. nov., from New Caledonia; one is a rapanine: Thais (Mancinella) grossa sp. nov., from New Caledonia and Vanuatu.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, HALIPRO 1, LAGON, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 5, SMIB 8, VOLSMAR

Fifty-eight muricid species were collected during recent expeditions to Fiji, including 3 new species. A review of the literature added another 37 species reliably recorded from the archipelago, bringing the total muricid fauna of Fiji to 95 species. Twenty-fi ve species, including 14 shared with Fiji, are reported from Tonga. Bouchetia n. gen. is described for Poirieria (Paziella) vaubanensis Houart, 1986, originally described from New Caledonia and now recorded from Fiji. Conchatalos spinula n. sp. and Prototyphis gracilis n. sp. are described from Fiji; Murexsul merlei n. sp. is described from Fiji and Tonga. Attiliosa caledonica (Jousseaume, 1881), formerly treated as a synonym or subspecies of Attiliosa nodulifera (Sowerby, 1841), is recognized as a valid species, as both species co-occur in Fiji without intermediates. Pascula ambonensis Houart, 1996, Tritonidea lefevreiana Tapparone Canefri, 1880 and Pentadactylus paucimaculatus Sowerby, 1903 are reclassifi ed in Cytharomorula Kuroda, 1953.

BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, MUSORSTOM 10, SMIB 8, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???

LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER

Abstract The superfamily Stromboidea is a clade of morphologically distinctive gastropods which include the iconic Strombidae, or ‘true conchs’. In this study, we present the most taxonomically extensive phylogeny of the superfamily to date, using fossil calibrations to produce a chronogram and extant geographical distributions to reconstruct ancestral ranges. From these results, we confirm the monophyly of all stromboidean families; however, six genera are not monophyletic using current generic assignments (Strombidae: Lentigo , Canarium , Dolomena , Doxander ; Xenophoridae: Onustus , Xenophora ). Within Strombidae, analyses resolve an Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) clade sister to an East Pacific/Atlantic clade, together sister to a second, larger IWP clade. Our results also indicate two pulses of strombid diversification within the Miocene, and a Tethyan/IWP origin for Strombidae—both supported by the fossil record. However, conflicts between divergence time estimates and the fossil record warrant further exploration. Species delimitation analyses using the COI barcoding gene support several taxonomic changes. We synonymise Euprotomus aurora with Euprotomus bulla , Strombus alatus with Strombus pugilis , Dolomena abbotti with Dolomena labiosa , and Dolomena operosa with Dolomena vittata . We identified cryptic species complexes within Terebellum terebellum , Lambis lambis , “Canarium” wilsonorum , Dolomena turturella and Maculastrombus mutabilis . We reinstate Rimellopsis laurenti as a species (previously synonymised with R. powisii ) and recognise Harpago chiragra rugosus and Lambis truncata sowerbyi valid at the rank of species. Finally, we establish several new combinations to render Lentigo , Dolomena , and Canarium monophyletic: Lentigo thersites , Dolomena robusta , Dolomena epidromis , Dolomena turturella , Dolomena taeniata , Dolomena vanikorensis , D. vittata , “Canarium” wilsonorum , Hawaiistrombus scalariformis , Maculastrombus mutabilis , Maculastrombus microurceus .

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, CORSICABENTHOS 3, ???msg.security.private???, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, KOUMAC 2.1, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006, Tuhaa Pae 2013

MD32 (REUNION)

Five French deep-sea cruises made around New Caledonia during the years 1985-1987 brought altogether 92 specimens of chitons, representing 10 species in 5 families ; 8 species are new to science. The new genus Vermichiton is described for a small vermiform species; this genus is compared with Connexochiton Kaas, 1979.

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, MUSORSTOM 4, SMIB 2, SMIB 3

SANTO 2006

The superfamily Olivoidea is broadly distributed in the world’s oceans mostly in coastal waters at tropical and subtropical latitudes. It encompasses around 30 Recent genera and 460 species. Two families – Olividae and Olivellidae – are classically recognized within the superfamily. Their shell is very characteristic due to the presence of a modified callused anterior end and a fasciole. Prior to the present work, neither the monophyly of the superfamily nor the relationships among its genera had been tested with molecular phylogenetics. Four genetic markers [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S and 12S rRNA mitochondrial genes, and Histone 3 (H3) nuclear gene] were sequenced for 42 species in 14 genera. Additionally, 18 species were sequenced for COI only. The molecular dataset was supplemented by anatomical and radula data. Our analysis recovered, albeit with weak support, a monophyletic Olivoidea, which in turn includes with 100% support, in addition to traditional olivoideans, representatives of a paraphyletic Pseudolividae. The relationships between the former families and subfamilies are drastically revised and a new classification of the superfamily is here proposed, now including five families: Bellolividae fam. nov., Benthobiidae fam. nov., Olividae, Pseudolividae and Ancillariidae. Within Olividae four subfamilies are recognized, reflecting the high morphological disparity within the family: Olivinae, Olivellinae, Agaroniinae and Calyptolivinae subfam. nov. All the recent genera are discussed and reclassified based on molecular phylogeny and/or morphology and anatomy. The homology of different features of the shells is established for the first time throughout the superfamily, and a refined terminology is proposed. Based on a correlation between anatomical characteristics and shell features and observations of live animals, we make hypotheses on which part of the mantle is responsible for depositing which callused feature of the shell. Our results demonstrate that morphological data alone should be used with caution for phylogenetic reconstructions. For instance, the radula – that is otherwise considered to be of fundamental importance in the taxonomy of Neogastropoda – is extremely variable within the single family Olividae, with a range of variation larger than within the rest of the entire superfamily. In the refined classification, Pseudolividae are nested within Olivoidea, which is partially returning to ‘the roots’, that is to the classification of Thiele (1929).

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, CONCALIS, ???msg.security.private???, EBISCO, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TARASOC, TERRASSES

ABSTRACT The family Turridae, once considered to encompass the entire diversity of Conoidea, excluding only the cone shells (family Conidae) and the auger shells (family Terebridae), has undergone significant redefinition based on both morphological and molecular data. Prior to this study, it included 15 Recent genera, comprising 209 species. However, a recent comprehensive analysis of an extensive dataset featuring 3,159 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences has unveiled numerous species complexes, new species and previously undiscovered deep lineages. The newly proposed classification of Turridae based on an exon-capture phylogeny recognizes 24 clades, each worthy of genus rank, though only 13 of them had available names. As a result, 11 new genera have been described, namely Thielesyrinx n. gen., Shutogemmula n. gen., Mcleanigemmula n. gen., Pseudogemmula n. gen., Deceptigemmula n. gen., Oliveragemmula n. gen., Powelligemmula n. gen., Kilburnigemmula n. gen., Alisigemmula n. gen., Taylorigemmula n. gen. and Anisogemmula n. gen. With the exception of Thielesyrinx n. gen., species from all of these were previously classified within Gemmula, or Lophiotoma. Notably, some new genera, such as Deceptigemmula n. gen., Kilburnigemmula n. gen., Shutogemmula n. gen. and Taylorigemmula n. gen., cannot be morphologically differentiated, as similar species are found in other genera. Therefore, their distinction relies solely on molecular data. The name Eugemmula is re-instated from the synonymy of Gemmula. Purpuraturris is synonimized with Annulaturris, while Iotyrris with Xenuroturris. In total, we recognize 312 species/primary species hypotheses (PSHs) within the family. Molecular data were obtained for 212 species (among them 15 species complexes comprising in total 45 PSHs), mostly for the first time. A characteristic feature common to the entire family is the position of the relatively narrow anal sinus on the whorl periphery or immediately above it. Radula was examined in representatives of all genera. Although in several cases the radular morphology can aid genus differentiation (e.g. distinguishing Turris from Annulaturris), it is mostly a highly homoplastic structure, with very similar radular types occurring in distantly related genera.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOMAGLO, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KOUMAC 2.1, MADEEP, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, TAIWAN 2004, TAIWAN 2013, TARASOC, TERRASSES, ZhongSha 2015

According to a recent taxonomic revision by Kantor et al. (2001), the neogastropod genus Exilia Conrad, 1860, comprises ten mostly rare species that live at depths between 200 and 2000 m. Adult Exilia measure between 30 and 90 mm in shell length, and the genus is mostly represented in museum collections by empty shells. The abundance of this genus is low in the wild, but recent expeditions organized by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle have yielded several dozen specimens. These new collections include samples preserved for molecular studies. Here, we present the results of the first molecular systematic study of Exilia. Our aim was to investigate the species limits proposed by Kantor et al. (2001) on the basis of shell and anatomical characters. Analysis of DNA sequence data for the cytochrome c oxidase I gene suggests that Exilia hilgendorfi, previously considered to be a single, polymorphic and broadly distributed species, is a complex of at least six species (four of which we sequenced). Two of these species, Exilia cognata n. sp. and E. fedosovi n. sp., are described as new to science. Exilia gracilior, E. claydoni and E. prellei are resurrected from the synonymy of Exilia hilgendorfi; of these three, only the last was sequenced. Exilia vagrans is a welldefined taxon, but our molecular systematic data shows that it consists of two distinct species, which occur sympatrically off Taiwan and are strikingly similar in shell and radular morphology; due to the absence of DNA sequence data from the type locality of E. vagrans (Vanuatu), it is unclear to which of these two species the name would apply. Exilia karukera n. sp., which is conchologically very similar to E. vagrans, was discovered off Guadeloupe, represents the first record of the genus from the Atlantic. For E. elegans, which was previously known only from a single shell, we provide new data including new distributional records (South Africa and the Mozambique Channel), details of the radula and DNA sequence data.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BORDAU 2, CONCALIS, DongSha 2014, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, TAIWAN 2013, TARASOC, TERRASSES

Abstract The superfamily Buccinoidea is distributed across the oceans of the world from the Arctic Ocean to the Antarctic and from intertidal to abyssal depths. It encompasses 3351 recent species in 337 genera. The latest taxonomic account recognized eight full families. For the first time, the monophyly of the superfamily and the relationships among the families are tested with molecular data supplemented by anatomical and radula data. Five genetic markers were used: fragments of mitochondrial COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and nuclear Histone 3 (H3) and 28S rRNA genes (for 225 species of 117 genera). Our analysis recovered Buccinoidea monophyletic in Bayesian analyses. The relationships between the formerly recognized families and subfamilies are drastically revised and a new classification of the superfamily is here proposed, now including 20 taxa of family rank and 23 subfamilies. Five new families (Chauvetiidae, Dolicholatiridae, Eosiphonidae, Prodotiidae and Retimohniidae) and one subfamily of Nassariidae (Tomliniinae) are described. Austrosiphonidae and Tudiclidae are resurrected from synonymy and employed in a new taxonomical extension. All but 40 recent genera are reclassified. Our results demonstrate that anatomy is rather uniform within the superfamily. With exceptions, the rather uniform radular morphology alone does not allow the allocation of genera to a particular family without additional molecular data.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CEAMARC-AA, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, CORSICABENTHOS 1, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, ILES DU SALUT, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVALAN 2018, KOUMAC 2.1, KOUMAC 2.3, MADIBENTHOS, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 4, ???msg.security.private???, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2000, TAIWAN 2004, TARASOC, TERRASSES, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???, ZhongSha 2015

The anatomy of Ceratoxancus is characterized by a short or very short proboscis, the presence of an accessory sali vary gland, the ventral odontophoral retractor passing through the nerve ring, and the position of the buccal mass at the proboscis base in contracted condition. These characters are shared by other representatives of the subfamily and confirm the classification of Ceratoxancus in the Ptychatractinae, until now based on shell and radula characters. Ceratoxancus Kuroda, 1952, comprises six species of which four are described as new from the New Caledonia region in deep water (530-830 m). Ceratoxancus elongatus Sakurai, 1958, is removed from the synonymy of C. teramachii Kuroda, 1952, and both species are recorded from the south west Pacific. Species of Ceratoxancus with a long labral spine present numerous shell breakages, while toothless species have mu ch fewer scars, and it is hypothesized that the tooth and outer lip are used in prey capture with accompanying shell breakage.

BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CHALCAL 2, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 8

The range of shell characters (overall shape, sculpture, columellar plaits, protoconchs) exhibited by fossil and Recent species placed in Exilia Conrad, 1860, Mitraefusus Bellardi, 1873, Mesorhytis Meek, 1876, Surculina Dall, 1908, Phenacoptygma Dall, 1918, Palaeorhaphis Stewart, 1927, Zexilia Finlay, 1926, Graphidula Stephenson, 1941, Benthovoluta Kuroda et Habe, 1950, and Chathamidia Dell, 1956 and the anatomy of the Recent species precludes separation of more than one genus. Consequently all of these nominal genera are synonymised with Exilia, with a stratigraphical range from Late Cretaceous to Recent. Anatomically, Exilia is similar to other ptychatractine genera, but is characterized by a stomach with a long, narrow caecum, a penis with terminal fold surrounding the seminal papilla, and a radula with rachidian teeth with broad lateral flaps. Recent species of Exilia are restricted to deep water at middle to low latitudes in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Exilia hilgendorfi (Martens, 1897) is treated as a species highly variable within its broad IndoPacific distribution, with Benthovoluta gracilior Rehder, 1967, B. claydoni Harasewych, 1987, and B. prellei Bozzetti, 200 I considered local variants. Three new species are described: Exilia graphiduloides sp. nov. (New Caledonia, 520 m), E. vagrans sp. nov. (West and SW Pacific, 865-1280 m), and E. kiwi sp. nov. (New Zealand, 1386-1676 m).

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, HALIPRO 1, MD32 (REUNION), MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8

The genus Belloliva (Gastropoda: Olividae) consists of small (<15 mm) operculate species and was hitherto thought to be essentially confined to coastal waters of southern and eastern Australia. We report a small radiation from deep water (100-1000 m) in the Coral Sea and New Caledonia, consisting essentially of undescribed species. The new genus Calyptoliva, which differs from Belloliva by the absence of a mantle filament and the presence of a mantle lobe, is also represented in the same area by new species. Based on correlation with shell characters, we suggest that the olivid mantle lobe is responsible for secreting the primary spire callus that overlies the suture, rather than producing the columellar callus as was previously believed (Marcus and Marcus 1959). Belloliva and Calyptoliva combine a suite of shell, radular, and anatomical characters that is shared with either the Olivinae or the Ancillariinae. This raises the question of the distinctiveness of the two classically recognized subfamilies within the family Olividae. All species have paucispiral protoconchs with inferred limited larval dispersal, and many have extremely narrow distributions, sometimes endemic to a single guyot, or they show discrete geographical differentiation. New species: Belloliva iota sp. nov., Belloliva alaos sp. nov., Belloliva apoma sp. nov., Belloliva ellenae sp. nov., Belloliva obeon sp. nov., Belloliva dorcas sp. nov., Calyptoliva bolis gen. nov., sp. nov., Calyptoliva amblys sp. nov., Calyptoliva tatyanae sp. nov.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CHALCAL 1, CORAIL 2, EBISCO, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, NORFOLK 1, PALEO-SURPRISE, SMIB 5, SMIB 8

The state of the art of turrid (=Turridae s. l.) systematics is that shells- when they include the protoconch - are reliable species-level identifiers, but inadequate proxies for allocation to genera or subfamilies. Generally, the radula is used for allocation to a (sub)family, but the hypothesis that the radula is a more adequate proxy than the shell for relationships has not yet been tested by molecular data. Species of Xenuroturris may have drastically different radulae, with either "'semi-enrolled" or "duplex" marginal teeth, although their shells are very similar or even almost indistinguishable. Molecular data confirm that specimens with different types of radulae constitute different species, but two species of a pair with respectively semi-enrolled and duplex teeth end up being not closely related. However, it is still unresolved whether species with semi-enrolled (=Iotyrris) and duplex teeth (=Xenuroturris) form two supported monophyletic clades. Iotyrris devoizei n.sp. and I. musivum n.sp. are described from Vanuatu, where they occur sympatrically with I. cingulifera and Xenuroturris legitima.

LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, PANGLAO 2004, SANTO 2006

The new family Belomitridae is established for the deep-water buccinoid genus Belomitra P. Fischer, 1883, based on morphological (shell and radulae) and molecular evidence. The rachiglossate radula is uniquely characterized by a multicuspid rachidian and lateral teeth with very long narrow bases and two small cusps closer to tip. Molecular analysis of a reduced set of Buccinoidea did not resolve the group as a clade, but shows that Belomitridae forms a well supported clade within Buccinoidea. Species of Belomitra have adult sizes in the 7-53 mm range; they live in deep water, mostly in the 500-2,000 meters range, at low and mid latitudes. Eleven valid species described from the Indo-Pacific were originally named in the families Buccinidae, Columbellidae, Cancellariidae, Volutidae, and Turridae. Fourteen new species are described: Belomitra nesiotica n. sp. (Society Islands to Tonga and Fiji in 580-830 m), B. bouteti n. sp. (Society and Tuamotu Islands in 430-830 m), B. subula n. sp. (Solomon Islands to Vanuatu in 760-1110 m), B. caudata n. sp. (Sulu Sea in 2300 m), B. gymnobela n. sp. (South Pacific, eastern Indonesia and Philippines in 780-2040 m), B. hypsomitra n. sp. (Fiji in 392-407 m), B. brachymitra n. sp. (Fiji in 395-540 m), B. comitas n. sp. (Madagascar and Philippines in 1075-1110 m), B. minutula (Coral Sea in 490 m), B. granulata n. sp. (New Caledonia in 105-860 m), B. reticulata n. sp. (Tonga and Fiji to New Caledonia in 395-656 m), B. decapitata n. sp. (Indian Ocean and New Caledonia in 3680-4400 m), B. admete n. sp. (off Sri Lanka in 2540 m), and B. radula n. sp. (Madagascar in 367-488 m).

AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BENTHAUS, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BOA0, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CONCALIS, EBISCO, KARUBAR, LAGON, MAINBAZA, MD20 (SAFARI), MD28 (SAFARI II), MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 9, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 8, TARASOC, TERRASSES, VAUBAN 1978-1979

Buccinidae—like other canivorous and predatory molluscs—are generally considered to be occasional visitors or rare colonizers in deep-sea biogenic habitats. However, casual observations during tropical deep-sea cruises suggest that associations between buccinids and sunken wood, in particular, are not fortuitous. Enigmatocolus monnieri has been found to co-occur in Madagascar with bathymodiolines, vesicomyids and solemyids, indicating the presence of seeps, and species of Thermosipho gen. Nov. Have been sampled by submersibles and remotely operated vehicles, exclusively from hydrothermal vents. A molecular phylogeny (based on CO1, 12S and 28S genes) reveals that buccinid genera potentially associated with sunken wood (Eosipho, Gaillea gen. Nov., Calagrassor gen. Nov., and Manaria) are closely related to taxa from vents (Thermosipho gen. Nov.) and seeps (Enigmaticolus). The anatomy of several dissected species did not reveal any special trait that could be interpreted as a special adaptation to biogenic substrates. Buccinids from sunken wood are most diverse in the Indo-Pacific centre of marine biodiversity, the ‘Coral Triangle’, at depths between 100 and 1000 m, with numerous species still undescribed.

AURORA 2007, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 2, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006

Most neogastropod families have a continuous record from the Cretaceous or Paleogene to the Recent. However, the fossil record also contains a number of obscure nominal families with unusual shell characters that are not adequately placed in the current classification. Some of these are traditionally regarded as valid, and some have been “lost” in synonymy. One such “lost” family is the Pyramimitridae, established by Cossmann in 1901 for the Eocene genus Pyramimitra, and currently included in the synonymy of Buccinidae. Examination of several species of inconspicuous, small turriform gastropods has revealed a radula type so far unknown in Neogastropoda, and their shell characters identify them as members of the "extinct" family Pyramimitridae. Neither the radular morphology nor the anatomy reveal the relationships of this enigmatic, “living fossil” family. Molecular data (12S, 16S, 28S, COI) confirm the recognition of Pyramimitridae as a distinct family, but no sister group was identified in the analysis. The family Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901, is thus restored as a valid family of Neogastropoda that includes the genera Pyramimitra Conrad, 1865, Endiatoma Cossmann, 1896, Vaughanites Woodring, 1928, Hortia Lozouet, 1999, and Teremitra new genus. Pyramimitrids occur in the Recent fauna at bathyal depths of the Indo- Pacific from Taiwan to Madagascar and New Zealand, with three genera and nine species (all but one new).

ATIMO VATAE, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BIOPAPUA, EXBODI, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2004, TERRASSES

Five new species of Olivoidea are described based on molecular and morphological evidence: four shallow subtidal Ancilla from Madagascar and Papua New Guinea, and one deep water (500-600 m) Calyptoliva from the Tuamotus. The sympatric – but not syntopic - Ancilla morrisoni and A. kaviengensis, from New Ireland province, are morphologically cryptic, differing mostly in shell colour, but are molecularly distinct. The sympatric – and possibly syntopic – Ancilla atimovatae and A. lhaumeti, belong to a species flock from southernmost Madagascar; A. atimovatae is conchologically nearly indistinguishable from A. ventricosa, but differs markedly in radular morphology. Calyptoliva was previously known only from the Coral Sea; C. bbugae is the first representative of the genus to yield molecular data. The new Ancilla are described based on sequenced holotypes; the type material of the new Calyptoliva includes a sequenced paratype.

ATIMO VATAE, CONCALIS, EXBODI, KAVIENG 2014, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, TARASOC

Crassispira cerithina (Anton, 1838) is a common shallow water conoidean gastropod species, broadly distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. It has a distinctive shell morphology and has been referred to in many publications. It is also the first species of its family to have been studied from the viewpoint of toxinology. However, our molecular phylogenetic analysis based on fragments of the COI and 28 S rRNA genes reveals the existence of two closely related distinct species, one of which is described as new (C. scala n. sp.). These two species are sympatric in several regions of the Indo-Pacific—in the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. They can be reliably distinguished by shell morphology and thus cannot be considered truly cryptic species. The radula is very similar in both species and does not permit species delimitation. A conchological reappraisal of further material similar to C. cerithina allows us to recognize two additional species, which are described as new (C. procera n. sp. from the Coral Sea and Philippines, and C. aurea n. sp. from Tahiti). These results demonstrate that even ‘well-known’ and seemingly well defined species may be species complexes and that molecular techniques should be routinely applied to confirm specimen identification, especially as part of resource-consuming studies, such as toxinology.

CORAIL 2, KAVIENG 2014, LAGON, PAPUA NIUGINI

The genus Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884, with the Miocene type species Fusus bilineatus Hörnes, 1853, has been used for 13 Miocene to Early Pleistocene fossil species and eight Recent species and has traditionally been placed in the fasciolariid subfamily Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880. Although the fossil species are apparently peristerniines, the Recent species were in their majority suspected to be most closely related to Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954 in the subfamily Fusininae Wrigley, 1927. Their close affinity was confirmed by the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Couto et al. (2016). In the molecular phylogenetic section we present a more detailed analysis of the relationships of 10 Recent Pseudolatirus-like species, erect two new fusinine genera, Okutanius gen. nov. (type species Fusolatirus kuroseanus Okutani, 1975) and Vermeijius gen. nov. (type species Pseudolatirus pallidus Kuroda & Habe, 1961). Five species are described as new for science, three of them are based on sequenced specimens (Granulifusus annae sp. nov., G. norfolkensis sp. nov., Okutanius ellenae gen. et sp. nov.) and two (G. tatianae sp. nov., G. guidoi sp. nov.) are attributed to Granulifusus on the basis of conchological similarities to sequenced species. New data on radular morphology is presented for examined species.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, ???msg.security.private???, DongSha 2014, EBISCO, EXBODI, GEMINI, GUYANE 2014, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, KANACONO, KARUBAR, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, LITHIST, MADEEP, MD32 (REUNION), MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, NanHai 2014, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, TAIWAN 2000, TARASOC, TERRASSES, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR, ???msg.security.private???

In the ancillariid genus Amalda, the shell is character rich and 96 described species are currently treated as valid. Based on shell morphology, several subspecies have been recognized within Amalda hilgendorfi, with a combined range extending at depths of 150–750 m from Japan to the South-West Pacific. A molecular analysis of 78 specimens from throughout this range shows both a weak geographical structuring and evidence of gene flow at the regional scale. We conclude that recognition of subspecies (richeri Kilburn & Bouchet, 1988, herlaari van Pel, 1989, and vezzaroi Cossignani, 2015) within A. hilgendorfi is not justified. By contrast, hilgendorfi-like specimens from the Mozambique Channel and New Caledonia are molecularly segregated, and so are here described as new, as Amalda miriky sp. nov. and A. cacao sp. nov., respectively. The New Caledonia Amalda montrouzieri complex is shown to include at least three molecularly separable species, including A. allaryi and A. alabaster sp. nov. Molecular data also confirm the validity of the New Caledonia endemics Amalda aureomarginata, A. fuscolingua, A. bellonarum, and A. coriolis. The existence of narrow range endemics suggests that the species limits of Amalda with broad distributions, extending, e.g., from Japan to Taiwan (A. hinomotoensis) or even Indonesia, the Strait of Malacca, Vietnam and the China Sea (A. mamillata) should be taken with caution.

ATIMO VATAE, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BIOCAL, BIOPAPUA, CHALCAL 1, CONCALIS, EBISCO, EXBODI, HALIPRO 1, INHACA 2011, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KARUBENTHOS 2012, KAVIENG 2014, LAGON, MADEEP, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, NanHai 2014, PANGLAO 2005, PAPUA NIUGINI, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 8, TERRASSES, VAUBAN 1978-1979, ???msg.security.private???, ZhongSha 2015

The new replacement name Takashius nom. nov. is proposed to solve the homonymy between the fasciolariid genus Okutanius Kantor et al., 2018 and the hymenopteran genus Okutanius D.R. Smith, 1981.

KANACONO

Four new species and one subspecies are described from deep water in the New Caledonian region : Amalda fuscolingua, A. aureomarginata, A. coriolis, A. bellonarum and A. hilgendorfi richeri. A. montrouzieri (Souverbie, 1860) is redescribed and discussed. SEM photographs of radulae are included.

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, VAUBAN 1978-1979

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 4, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CHALCAL 2, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 5, VOLSMAR

Thirty-two species of Spondylus (Spondylidae) including eight previously undescribed, are recorded from material collected off New Caledonia and adjacent waters. Most of the species live in shallow water in coral reef and lagoonal environments, but at least four species have their main distribution at depths around 200 m, with one species occurring at 700 m. Spondylus exiguus sp. novo is the smallest known species in the family, with a maximum size of 6.4 mm. Spondylus flabellum Reeve, 1856 is placed into the synonymy of S. anacanthus Mawe, 1823. Confusion surrounding usage of the names Spondylus anacanthus and S. sanguineus Dunker, 1852 is finally resolved. The name Spondylus anacanthus, which has previously been applied to S. occidens Sowerby, 1903, is shown to be a prior and validly proposed name for S. sanguineus. Despite being well figured by MAWE, the absence of any documented type material for Spondylus anacanthus necessitates the establishment of a neotype for this species. Lectotypes are designated for Spondylus albibarbatus, S. butleri, S. castus, S. flabellum, S. ocellatus, S. pacificus, S. plurispinosus, and S. rubicundus, all of Reeve, 1856. By First Reviser action, the name Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793 is given precedence over S. pseudochama Schreibers, 1793.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, LAGON, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 10, SMIB 3, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

LAGON, MD32 (REUNION), MUSORSTOM 9, VAUBAN 1978-1979

During the French-Indonesian KARUBAR campaign, ten species and a megalopal stage of deep-water hermit crabs of the family Parapaguridae, were collected. Two of the species found in the collection are undescribed, Oncopagurus glebosus sp. nov., and Paragiopagurus insolitus sp. nov., and are characterized by several unusual or unique characters. One previously described species, Oncopagurus orientalis (de Saint Laurent, 1972), was found to be insufficiently defined. These three species are described or diagnosed, and illustrated. Another species, Parapagurus latimanus Henderson, 1888, is reported for the first time from Indonesia. Two megalopal stage specimens of a parapagurid species cannot be assigned with certainty based on current knowledge, to any species; they are also illustrated and discussed. A list of all 15 parapagurid species currently known from Indonesian waters is presented, including references where diagnoses and illustrations can be found.

KARUBAR

The first Recent species of Eumitra are described from deep-water in the New Caledonian region : E. caledonica sp. nov. (Southern New Caledonia), E. apheles sp. nov. (Northern New Caledonia), E. imbucata sp. nov. (Coral Sea, Lansdowne-Fairway) and E. richeri sp. nov. (Coral Sea, Mellish Reef). A SEM photograph of the radula is included. Fossil Eumitra are restricted to lower Miocene of New Zealand and Miocene/Pliocene of Australia. Dispersal is advocated to explain Eumitra distribution. For the first time fossil species from Upper Oligocene of Aquitaine Basin (Southwestern France) are referred to Charitodoron. Anatypical member of the Mitridae : C. tau:ini sp. Nov. And C. cancellatus (Saubade, 1969). The three Recent Charitodoron are confined to the bathyal zone of South Africa, fossil Oligocene species have been collected from a bathyal palaeocommunity. In spite of columellar similarities, peculiar development of columellar folds (Eumitra) or edentulous columella (Charitodoron), these two genera are probably not closely related. In a paleobiogeographic discussion two key events are cited to explain the beginning of many marine disjunctions : Upper Eocene/Lower Oligocene crisis and closing of Tethys in Upper Oligocene/Lower Miocene.

BIOCAL, CORAIL 2, MUSORSTOM 4

A small collection of cephalopods collected from the waters off the Wallis and Futuna Islands in the central South Pacific s reported. The collection comprises 17 specimens belonging to 13 taxa in six families. Three forms of Heteroteuthis are present, representing at least two species, including what appears to be a new species which is not named because of the limited material available. A record of Idioteuthis cordiformis represents a considerable range extension. The new species Sepia subplana sp. Novo represents the eastern-most record of any cuttlefish in the Pacific Ocean.

MUSORSTOM 7

Twenty six species of gaiatheid crustaceans belonging to the genera Agononida Baba & de Saint Laurent, 1995 and Munida Leach, 1820, were caught off the Molucca archipelago, during the KARUBAR Cruise (October-November, 1991). Three species are described as new: A. emphereia. M. compacta and M. punctata.

CORINDON 2, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2

Walters Shoal

Three subfamilies are recognised : Asthelysinae new subfamily, Seguenziinae Verrill, and Guttulinae Goryachev. Two tribes are recognised in Seguenziinae. Fifty five seguenziids are newly recorded from off New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, of which 50 are new to science. These species are referable to 13 genera, including 2 new genera and Anxietas Iredale, which is transferred from Trochidae. Asthelys nitidula sp. Nov. is based on type material from Queensland. Jaw plates and lateromarginal radular plates are recorded for the first time in the family. Seguenziid species richness and western Pacific biogeography are briefly discussed.

BIOCAL, VAUBAN 1978-1979

Giant deep-sea bivalves of the genus Acesta have been known to occur off southern New Zealand for over 30 years, but have remained un-named. Acesta maui sp. novo is described from the east coast of the South Island, the Chatham Rise, and as far south as Campbell Island, New Zealand, with a single record off the west coast of the North Island. Acesta saginata sp. novois described from southern New Caledonia, the Norfolk Ridge, Three Kings Rise, Kermadec Ridge, eastern Chatham Rise, Macquarie Ridge, Eltanin Fracture Zone, and southern Tasmania. A syntype of A. patagonica (Dall, 1902) and a specimen of A. celebensis (Bartsch, 1913) are illustrated.

CALSUB

AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2000

The French-Indonesian 1991 campagne to the islands of Kai, Aru, and Tanimbar, part of the Maluku region of Indonesia, revealed an unexpected wealth of hermit crabs of the family Paguridae. Although only 295 specimens were collected in depths ranging from 85 to 1024 meters, an incredible 19 genera and 36 species are represented, of which seven genera and 26 species are described for the first time. Included are the monotypic Alainopaguroides gen. nov., Enneopagurus gen. nov., Enneophyllus gen. nov., lcelopagurus gen. nov., and Tarrasopagurus gen. nov., and their respective new species. The genus Michelopagurus, gen. nov., is established for "Pagurodes" limatu lus Henderson, 1888, and one additional new species, and the genus Pseudopagurus is created for "Pagurodes" piliferus Henderson, 1888, the last of the original trio of species initially assigned to the heterogeneous Pagurodes. A lectotype for Pagurodes inarmatus Henderson, 1888, the type species of the now monotypic Pagurodes, is also designated. The genus Turleania is proposed as a replacement name for Laurentia McLaughlin & Haig. Of the new genera, three are particularly noteworthy. Not only are Enneopagurus and Enneophyllus just the second and third genera of the Paguridae to be characterized, in part, by the absence of gills on the third maxillipeds, the latter genus is unique, at least for the present. !ts type species. E. spinirostris sp. nov., is the first pagurid known to have a weil developed epi-rostral spine. Alainopaguroides joins that very specialized group of genera distinguished by marked reduction in the abdomen, accompanied by total loss of male pleopods and reduction in the number of female pleopods. Two additional genera of this group, Solitariopagurus and Porcellanopagurus, are also represented in the KARUBAR collection, each by a new species. In addition to the new genera, new species are described in several of the less commonly reported genera, e.g., Catapaguroides, Decaphyllus, Catapagurus, and Tomopaguropsis. Although Pagurus is widely represented in the colder waters, particularly of the northern hemisphere, the discovery of three new species from the restricted geographic region of the KARUBAR campagne was unexpected. A third species has been added to, and extends the distributional range of, the recently described Bathypaguropsis from Australian and New Zealand waters. A new species described in Australeremus has provided continuity to the heretofore disjunct distribution of this genus. Only one genus, Pylopaguropsis, was represented entirely by known species.The KARUBAR collection is also significant for its number of highly evolved genera. Specifically, development of the male sexual tube(s) is uncommonly prevalent. In the 19 genera included in the collection, males of 13 develop a sexual tube on one or both coxae of the fifth pereopods, or nearly two-thirds of the total genera. All species are fully illustrated and detailed descriptions or diagnoses provided. Keys are provided for the regional genera and species, including those reported from the Maluku area, but not included in the KARUBAR collection.

KARUBAR

Cancellariidae, or nutmeg shells, is a family of marine gastropods that feed on the body fluids and the egg cases of marine animals. The 300 or so living species are distributed worldwide, mostly on soft bottoms, from intertidal to depths of about 1000 m. Although they are a key group for the understanding of neogastropod evolution, they are still poorly known in terms of anatomy, ecology and systematics. This paper reports the first mitochondrial multi-gene phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. Data were collected for 50 morphospecies, representative of 22 genera belonging to the three currently recognized subfamilies. Sequences from three genes (12S, 16S and COI) were analyzed with Maximum Likelihood analysis and Bayesian Inference, both as single gene datasets and in two partitioned concatenated alignment. Largely consistent topologies were obtained and discussed with respect to the traditional subfamilial arrangements. The obtained phylogenetic trees were also used to produce Robinson-Foulds supertrees. Our results confirmed the monophyly of the subfamily Plesiotritoninae, while Admetinae and Cancellariinae, as currently conceived, were retrieved as polyphyletic. Based on our findings we propose changes to the systematic arrangement of these subfamilies. At a lower taxonomic rank, our results highlighted the rampant homoplasy of many characters traditionally used to segregate genera, and thus the need of a critical re-evaluation of the contents of many genera (e.g. Nipponaphera, Merica, Sydaphera, Bivetia), the monophyly of which was not recovered.

AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006

Donacidae is a commercially important family of heterodont bivalves and one of the few bivalve lineages that has successfully colonised brackish and fresh waters. However, to date, no phylogenetic hypothesis exists for this widely distributed group. Here we turn to molecular data from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and combine these with the extensive fossil record of donacids to propose an evolutionary hypothesis for the family. Our analyses strongly support the monophyly of Donacidae, including Galatea, Iphigenia and ‘Plebidonax’ deltoides, but render Donax paraphyletic. The subgenus Latona is therefore elevated to genus to accommodate a clade of Indo-Pacific species, while retaining Donax for a clade of mostly Atlantic and American Pacific species, and a few Indo-Pacific species. This latter clade is sister group to Galatea + Iphigenia. The diversification of Donacidae seems to be tightly connected to the opening of the North and South Atlantic Oceans in the Cretaceous, and to the closing of the Tethys Ocean during the Oligocene. Taxonomic actions: Latona columbella (Lamarck, 1818) comb. nov., L. deltoides (Lamarck, 1818) comb. nov., L. dysoni (Reeve, 1854) comb. nov., L. madagascariensis (W. Wood, 1828) comb. nov., L. semisulcata semigranosa (Dunker, 1877) comb. nov., L. spinosa (Gmelin, 1791) comb. nov., L. sordida (Hanley, 1845) comb. nov., L. siliqua (Römer, 1870) comb. nov., L.trifasciata (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. nov. and L. victoris (Fischer-Piette, 1942) comb. nov.Key

ATIMO VATAE, INHACA 2011, KAVIENG 2014, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006

The cone fauna of southernmost Madagascar is reviewed based on the material collected during the Atimo Vatae expedition. The expedition involved sampling from the intertidal to nearshore by diving to ca 40 m, and offshore by dredging and trawling to 700 m. A total of 75 cone species was sampled. Strikingly, many tropical species are represented in the study area by single specimens whereas these are often quite common elsewhere in the tropical SW Indian Ocean, and it is hypothesized that these represent vagrants of occasionally settling larvae, rather than reproductive, self-recruiting populations. With these limitations, the resident cone fauna of Madagascar “Deep South” probably consists of 58 species, of which 10 (17%) are regional endemics, thus confirming the existence of a distinct marine ecoregion, termed “Toliaran Sub-Province” by Lorenz, which matches the distribution of seasonal upwelling fronts in South Madagascar.

ATIMO VATAE

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CONCALIS, EBISCO, HALIPRO 2, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, LITHIST, MD32 (REUNION), MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, NORFOLK 1, NORFOLK 2, PALEO-SURPRISE, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 8, TERRASSES, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

Based on surveys conducted in the 1980s-1990s, especially the MUSORSTOM 9 expedition, we report on the bathymetric occurrences of 35 species of Conus in the Marquesas A rchipelago. Four are new records of shallow-water tropical Indo-Pacific species, and six are new species that were dredged, essentially from depths between 100 and 400 meters. The species classically found in deep water elsewhere in the South Pacific are strikingly absent from the Marquesas, and the local deep-water faunule is thus highly endemic. This study confirms the Marquesas as a biogeographically outstanding archipelago, with a rather poor, but unique, benthic fauna. New species: Conus tiki spec. Nov., C. dieteri spec. Nov., C. pepeiu spec. Nov. , C. troendlei spec. Nov., C. hivanus spec. Nov., and C. pseudimperialis spec. Nov.

MUSORSTOM 9, SMCB

A little less than 100 species of cones are known in the literature from waters around the Fiji islands, all intertidal to subtidal. We report here on the species taken by recent offshore and deep-water benthic sampling expeditions. Samples were taken to depths of 1300 m, although cones were taken not deeper than 680 m. Leaving aside two taxa of uncertain identity, the material contains 22 species from depths deeper than 100 m, all of which are new records for Fiji, including four new species (Conus cakobaui spec. nov., alive in 414- 567 m; C. joliveti spec. nov., alive in 150-353 m; C. fijisulcatus spec. nov., alive in 150-188 m; and C. gigasulcatus spec. nov., alive in 290-300 m). A further 19 species are from depths shallower than 100 m, and these include six new records for Fiji, including two new species (C. fijiensis spec. nov., alive in 80-120 m; and C. sutanorcum spec. nov., alive in 32-50 m).

BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, ???msg.security.private???, MUSORSTOM 10, ???msg.security.private???

PAPUA NIUGINI

Six mid-depth octopuses of the Order Octopoda are reported from the Banda and Arafura Seas off Indonesia and northern Australia, based on material collected through the collaborative French-Indonesian KARuBAR cmise of 1991. Octopod material was collected through benthic trawls at 18 of 91 stations, at depths between 199 and 869 metres. Two new species are described here, Benthoctopus karubar sp. nov. and Octopus pyrum sp. nov. An additional species of the genus Octopus is reported as indeterminate but distinct from O. pyrum. The genus Pteroctopus is reported from IndoPacifie waters for the first time, based on female material collected through the KARuBAR cmise and linked with additional male material collected off New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Eledone palari is recorded as a northerly extension to the Australian distribution reported in the original description for this species. A single submature female of the pelagie octopod, Haliphron atlanticus (previously treated under the name Alloposus mollis), is also reported from the region. The depth distributions and phylogenetic affinities of this fauna are discussed.

KARUBAR

This is a regional revision of the Coralliophilinae (Neogastropoda: Muricidae) from the southwest Pacifi c, based on the material collected during recent expeditions to New Caledonia (including the Coral Sea, mainland New Caledonia, and the Loyalty Islands), Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Fiji and Tonga. It is the fi rst revision of a tropical coralliophiline fauna based on large and extensive sampling, and it yielded a total of 97 coralliophiline species, 13 of them new: Coralliophila candidissima n. sp., C. bathus n. sp., C. norfolk n. sp., C. xenophila n. sp., C. cancellarioidea n. sp., Babelomurex natalabies n. sp., B. pallox n. sp., B. depressispiratus n. sp., B. macrocephalus n. sp., Hirtomurex marshalli n. sp., Mipus tonganus n. sp., M. alis n. sp., and M. boucheti n. sp. A lectotype is selected for Purpura monodonta Blainville, 1832. In addition, this survey resulted in new biogeographical records for 37 species from the southwest Pacifi c fauna. Regional endemicity may be as high as 17.5% (17 out of 97 species). The protoconchs of 47 species are fi gured by SEM. At least 68 species have planktotrophic development, while 10 species are probably lecithotrophic, either with a short pelagic phase or with a totally intracapsular develoment.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CALSUB, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, KARUBAR, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, LITHIST, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, PALEO-SURPRISE, ???msg.security.private???, SALOMON 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, TAIWAN 2001

Little is known of New Guinea's deep benthic communities. In fall 2010, the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, and University of Papua New Guinea spearheaded an international three-leg cruise, BioPapua, aimed at exploring the deep waters of eastern Papua New Guinea and its satellite islands. Special attention was given to faunal assemblages associated with sunken wood and decomposing vegetation as well as seamount summits and slopes. In this article, we review the information available on the deep ecosystems of Papua New Guinea and summarize preliminary results of the BioPapua cruise.

BIOPAPUA

The superfamily Conoidea is one of the most speciose groups of marine mollusks, with estimates of about 340 recent valid genera and subgenera, and 4000 named living species. Previous classifications were based on shell and anatomical characters, and clades and phylogenetic relationships are far from well assessed. Based on a dataset of ca. 100 terminal taxa belonging to 57 genera, information provided by fragments of one mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear (28S, 18S and H3) genes is used to infer the first molecular phylogeny of this group. Analyses are performed on each gene independently as well as for a data matrix where all genes are concatenated, using Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Several well-supported clades are defined and are only partly identifiable to currently recognized families and subfamilies. The nested sampling used in our study allows a discussion of the classification at various taxonomical levels, and several genera, subfamilies and families are found polyphyletic.

BOA1, EBISCO, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006

Identifying life stages of species with complex life histories is problematic as species are often only known and/or described from a single stage. DNA barcoding has been touted as an important tool for linking life-history stages of the same species. To test the current efficacy of DNA barcodes for identifying unknown mollusk life stages, 24 marine gastropod egg capsules were collected off the Philippines in deep water and sequenced for partial fragments of the COI, 16S and 12S mitochondrial genes. Two egg capsules of known shallow-water Mediterranean species were used to calibrate the method. These sequences were compared to those available in GenBank and the Barcode of Life Database ( BOLD). Using COI sequences alone, only a single Mediterranean egg capsule was identified to species, and a single Philippine egg capsule was identified tentatively to genus; all other COI sequences recovered matches between 76% and 90% with sequences from BOLD and GenBank. Similarity-based identification using all three markers confirmed the Mediterranean specimens' identifications. A phylogenetic approach was also implemented to confirm similarity-based identifications and provide a higher-taxonomic identification when species-level identifications were not possible. Comparison of available GenBank sequences to the diversity curve of a well-sampled coral reef habitat in New Caledonia highlights the poor taxonomic coverage achieved at present in existing genetic databases, emphasizing the need to develop DNA barcoding projects for megadiverse and often taxonomically challenging groups such as mollusks, to fully realize its potential as an identification and discovery tool.

AURORA 2007

The superfamily Conoidea is one of the most speciose groups of marine molluses, with almost 700 genera and 10,000 living species. Previous classifications were based on morphological and anatomical characters, but clades and phylogenetic relationships were not well assessed. Information provided by one mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear (28S, 18S, and H3) genes were used to infer the phylogeny of this group. Data were obtained from more than 100 specimens, belonging to 54 genera, collected during recent cruises in the western Pacific (Philippines, Vanuatu, Norfolk Ridge, and Chesterfield and Solomon Islands). Analyses were performed on each gene independently as well as for a data matrix where all genes were concatenated, using several methods (ML, Parsimony, Bayesian). Some families and subfamilies among Conoidea correspond to well-supported clades uniformly recovered with all genes and all methods, but others appear to be polyphyletic. Several bathyal and abyssal genera are also shown to he polyphyletic. Our results also point out some new phylogenetic relationships at the family, subfamily, and genus levels.

BOA1, EBISCO, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006

Dispersal capabilities are crucial in how speciation patterns are determined in marine invertebrates. Species possessing a long-living planktonic larva apparently have a dispersal advantage over those with non-planktotrophic development, and their distant populations may exchange genetic material, maintaining a broad geographical range for the species. Recent species of the gastropod genus Bathytoma (Conoidea) are all characterized by non-planktotrophic development, having most probably lost a free-swimming larva in the pre-Pliocene, as Miocene fossils have protoconchs indicating planktotrophic larval development. All have a bathyal distribution (100–1500 m), which implies that their capability for direct expansion on the bottom is restricted by both deep-sea basins and shallow-water areas, especially in insular West and South-West Indo-Pacific. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that Bathytoma populations should represent numerous, mostly allopatric taxa restricted to a single or contiguous island groups. We tested this hypothesis using molecular and morphological characters independently. One hundred and thirty-eight specimens from the Philippines, Solomons, Vanuatu, and the Coral Sea were sequenced for one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (ITS2) gene, and 14 operational molecular units were recognized. When these molecular units are overlaid over shell characters, 13 species (11 unnamed) and one form of uncertain status are recognized: three occur in the Philippines, six in the Solomons and one in New Caledonia. Broad distributions (inter-archipelagic) are uncommon (three species). On the whole, the phylogeographic pattern of the diversity in the genus is rather complex and probably also reflects processes of sympatric and fine-scale allopatric speciation, and local extinctions. The eleven new species are described and named.

AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BOA1, EBISCO, HALIPRO 1, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, SMIB 2

The cone snails (family Conidae) are a hyperdiverse lineage of venomous gastropods. Two standard markers, COI and ITS2, were used to define six genetically divergent groups within a subclade of Conidae that includes Conus orbignyi; each of these was then evaluated based on their shell morphology. We conclude that three forms, previously regarded as subspecies of C. orbignyi are distinct species, now recognized as C. orbignyi, C. elokismenos and C. coriolisi. In addition, three additional species (C. pseudorbignyi, C. joliveti and C. comatosa) belong to this clade. Some of the proposed species (e. g. C. elokismenos) are possibly in turn complexes comprising multiple species. Groups such as Conidae illustrate the challenges generally faced in species delimitation in biodiverse lineages. In the case of C. orbignyi complex, they are not only definable, genetically divergent lineages, but also considerable geographical variation within each group. Our study suggests that an intensive analysis of multiple specimens within a single locality helps to minimize the confounding effects of geographical variation and can be a useful starting point for circumscribing different species within such a confusing complex.

AURORA 2007, BOA1, EBISCO, MIRIKY, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006

The superfamily Conoidea constitutes one of the most diverse and taxonomically challenging groups among marine molluscs. Classifications based on shell or radular characters are highly contradictory and disputed. Whereas the monophyly of the Conidae and Terebridae has not been challenged, the other constituents of the superfamily are placed in a 'trash' group, the turrids, the non-monophyly of which has been demonstrated by anatomical and molecular evidence. We present here a new molecular phylogeny based on a total of 102 conoidean genera (87 'turrids', 5 cones and 10 terebrids) and three mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA]. The resulting tree recognizes 14 clades. When the Conidae (Conus s.l.) and Terebridae are ranked as families for consistency of usage, the 'turrids' must be split into 12 families of comparable rank. A new genus-level classification of the Conoidea is published in an accompanying paper.

AURORA 2007, BOA1, EBISCO, MUSORSTOM 4, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006

We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny that includes 320 of the 761 recognized valid species of the cone snails (Conus), one of the most diverse groups of marine molluscs, based on three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S rDNA and 12S rDNA). This is the first phylogeny of the taxon to employ concatenated sequences of several genes, and it includes more than twice as many species as the last published molecular phylogeny of the entire group nearly a decade ago. Most of the numerous molecular phylogenies published during the last 15 years are limited to rather small fractions of its species diversity. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses are mostly congruent and confirm the presence of three previously reported highly divergent lineages among cone snails, and one identified here using molecular data. About 85% of the species cluster in the single Large Major Clade; the others are divided between the Small Major Clade (12%), the Conus californicus lineage (one species), and a newly defined clade (3%). We also define several subclades within the Large and Small major clades, but most of their relationships remain poorly supported. To illustrate the usefulness of molecular phylogenies in addressing specific evolutionary questions, we analyse the evolution of the diet, the biogeography and the toxins of cone snails. All cone snails whose feeding biology is known inject venom into large prey animals and swallow them whole. Predation on polychaete worms is inferred as the ancestral state, and diet shifts to molluscs and fishes occurred rarely. The ancestor of cone snails probably originated from the Indo-Pacific; rather few colonisations of other biogeographic provinces have probably occurred. A new classification of the Conidae, based on the molecular phylogeny, is published in an accompanying paper.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, CONCALIS, EBISCO, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006, TERRASSES

Cone snails have long been studied both by taxonomists for the diversity of their shells and by biochemists for the potential therapeutic applications of their toxins. Phylogenetic approaches have revealed that different lineages of Conus evolved divergent venoms, a property that is exploited to enhance the discovery of new conotoxins, but is rarely used in taxonomy. Specimens belonging to the Indo-West Pacific Conus lividus species complex were analyzed using phenetic and phylogenetic methods based on shell morphology, COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences and venom mRNA expression and protein composition. All methods converged to reveal a new species, C. conco n. sp. (described in Supplementary data), restricted to the Marquesas Islands, where it diverged recently (_3 mya) from C. lividus. The geographical distribution of C. conco and C. lividus and their phylogenetic relationships suggest that the two species diverged in allopatry. Furthermore, the diversity of the transcript sequences and toxin molecular masses suggest that C. conco evolved unique toxins, presumably in response to new selective pressure, such as the availability of new preys and ecological niches. Furthermore, this new species evolved new transcripts giving rise to original toxin structures, probably each carrying specific biological activity.

ATIMO VATAE, BOA1, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SANTO 2006

The BORDAU 1 cruise was carried out in the Fijian Archipelago from 22 February to 14 March 1999 on board of R.V. "Alis". A total of 118 samples were made by dredging and trawling in the upper bathyal zone and in the circalittoral depths of the islands and on the seamounts in the Lau Ridge. The upper part of the slope to 600 m consists of hard bottoms and deeper muddy bottoms with pumice. In some islands particularly isolated (Vanua Balavu, Yacata, Aiwa and Yagasa), the landsnails were sampled.

BORDAU 1

The MUSORSTOM 10 cruise, using the R.V. "Alis", was carried out in the Fijian Archipelago during 5-19 August 1998. A total of 82 samples were collected by dredging and trawling from the upper bathyal zone and in the circalittoral depths, on the outer reef slopes of Vitu Levu and from Bhgh Water. The bottom of Bligh Water is muddy and covered with pumice stones. Hard bottoms were sampled in the Beqa Channel. The invertebrate biodiversity of the benthic communities sampled is much lower than those sampled from the New Caledonian area, especially sessile epifaunal groups like sponges, stylasterine hydrocorals (Cnidaria, Stylasterina) and crinoids.

MUSORSTOM 10

Following the successful completion of the PANGLAO 2004 expedition, PANGLAO 2005 was organized to fill in the gap to explore and research the deep-sea fauna of the Bohol and Sulu Seas between 18 May 2005 and 3 June 2005. Methods used on board the Philippines fisheries research vessel MV DA-BFAR are recorded and results arising from the expedition are discussed.

PANGLAO 2005

During the CALSUB cruise, bathyal environments were explored off the New Caledonia corallian platfdrms (southwestern Pacific). Green algae were observed down to a depth of 1 IO m, and red algae down to 145 m. Algal blocks, pebbles and sands contribute to sedimentation to a depth of 400 m and beyond, and are mixed with autochthonous fossils and bioclasts produced by bathyal benthos. Epibathyal fauna suggests similarities with Jurassic and Cretaceous fauna of Tethyan margins (Nautilus, pleurotomarian gastropods, sponges, brachiopods and crinoids…). Richness and abundance of the benthos are the highest in areas where currents are frequent between 300 m and 700 m (sometimes 10 to 20 terebratulid brachiopods per m2 or dense populations of echinoderms entirely covering the substrate). Such currents induce erosion of' substrate or bioclastic accumulations. Biocorrosion seems to be very active in erosion processes, especially on hard grounds. Burrows and traces show the importance of sediment bioturbation on slopes. The occurrence on bathyal slope of some taphonomic processes previously known from geological series and generally considered as closely related lo shallow-water environments should be emphasized.

CALSUB

L'exploration de la faune profonde de NouvelleCalédonie a débuté par des campagnes d'essai de 1977 à 1979 sur des fonds de 200 m à 1000 m au large de la Grande Terre, de l'île des Pins et des îles Loyauté (Intès, 1978). A partir de 1985, elle s'est élargie et intensifiée avec les campagnes MUSORSTOM 4 à 6 et CHALCAL (Richer de Forges, 1990), BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL et SMIB, complétées par des observations directes à l'aide de la soucoupe plongeante Cyana lors de la campagne CALSUB. Nous ne donnerons ici que les grands traits de l'étagement de la macrofaune et de la mégafaune benthique en insistant sur les observations directes insitu lors de la campagne CALSUB et sur la liaison avec les caractères du milieu.

CALSUB

Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798) is a tonnoidean gastropod that is regarded as broadly distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific and tropical western Atlantic. Because of its variable shell it has received no less than thirteen names, now all synonymized under the name B. granularis. We sequenced a fragment of the cox1 gene for 82 specimens covering a large part of its distribution and most type localities. Two delimitation methods were applied, one based on genetic distance (ABGD) and one based on phylogenetic trees (GMYC). All analyses suggest that specimens identified as B. granularis comprise four distinct species: one limited to the tropical western Atlantic, another to southwestern Western Australia and two in the Indo-Pacific (from the Red Sea to the open Pacific) that are partly sympatric—but not syntopic—in Japan, the Philippines, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Based on comparison of shell characters, we applied the following available names to the four species, respectively: B. cubaniana (d’Orbigny, 1841), B. elisabettae Nappo, Pellegrini & Bonomolo, 2014, B. granularis s. s. and B. affinis Broderip, 1833. We provide new standardized conchological descriptions for each of them. Our results demonstrate that a long planktotrophic larval stage, common among Tonnoidea, does not necessarily ensure a circumtropical species distribution.

INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MAINBAZA, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006, TERRASSES, ???msg.security.private???

Previous work that recorded 75 species of Scaphopoda in New Caledonian waters is augmented with study of new material from several expeditions. The number of species in the region is increased to 115. Of the 40 additional taxa, 28 are described as new, 7 are new records and 5 remain unidentifi ed. Material from New Caledonia previously identifi ed as Antalis phaneum (Dall, 1895) is now determined as A. albatrossae n. sp.; material previously identifi ed as Compressidentalium sedecimcostatum (Boissevain, 1906) is now determined as C. clathratum (Martens, 1881); Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903), formerly treated as a synonym of Dentalium subrectum Jeffreys, 1883, is revalidated; material previously identifi ed as Entalina mirifi ca (Smith, 1895) is now determined as E. dorsicostata Lamprell & Healy, 1998; Fissidentalium transversostriatum (Boissevain, 1906), previously synonymized with F. shoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894), is revalidated and the material previously reported from New Caledonia as the latter in fact belongs to the former. New synonyms: Episiphon jamiesoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 is synonymized with Gadilina insolita (Smith, 1894); Dentalium subrectum Jeffreys, 1883 and D. bisinuatum André, 1896 are synonymized with Laevidentalium eburneum (Linné, 1767); Laevidentalium arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 is synonymized with L. houbricki Scarabino, 1995; Bathoxiphus steineri Lamprell & Healy, 1998 and B. stanisici Lamprell & Healy, 1998 are synonymized with Solenoxiphus striatulus Chistikov, 1983. New records from the New Caledonian region: Striodentalium thetidis (Hedley, 1903), Fissidentalium waterhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998, Calliodentalium crocinum (Dall, 1907), Gadilina pachypleura (Boissevain, 1906), Laevidentalium eburneum (Linné, 1767), Laevidentalium (?) sominium Okutani, 1964, Megaentalina mediocarinata (Boissevain, 1906).

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BERYX 2, BIOCAL, BORDAU 2, HALIPRO 1, KARUBAR, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, PALEO-SURPRISE, ???msg.security.private???, SMIB 8

MUSORSTOM 8, SANTO 2006

Chitons of the order Lepidopleurida are a regular, and sometimes abundant, component of deep-sea faunas associated with sunken wood and other plant debris. Eleven species are known from off New Caledonia (6 species) and Vanuatu (10 species), at depths between 110 and 2340 m. These show discrete bathymetric segregation, but up to three species of Leptochiton may cooccur in the same haul. Five new species and one subspecies are described: Leptochiton boucheti sp. nov., L. deforgesi sp. nov., L. vanbellei sp. nov., L. saitoi sp. nov., L. thandari sp. nov., and Ferreiraella xylophaga karenaessp. Novo Beside sunken plant remains, species of Leptochitonidae are known from reduced environments, both in shallow and deep water, and it is open to speculation whether sunken wood represent the ancestral habitat from which the family radiated, or whether sunken wood represents a secondary habitat that was invaded sometime during the Mesozoic.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 4, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 8

Study of deep-water chitons from around New Caledonia and Vanuatu has revealed 35 species, of which 25 species were identified to species and 10 only to genus. This article includes 7 new records for this area of which 4 are described as new species: Ischnochiton crassus Kaas, 1985, Stenosemus robustus Kaas, 1991, S. herosae n. sp., Connexochiton discernibilis Kaas, 1991, Loricella vanbellei n. sp., L. eernissei n. sp. and L. dellangeloi n. sp. In addition, Vermichiton vermiculus Kaas, 1991 is reviewed. Based on available biogeographic data it is proposed that Loricella originated off South Australia during the Oligocene, in a time of global cooling. Later, Loricella extended its range north up to Taiwan and east to Tonga, most likely remaining in the bathyal zone. These new discoveries add to the already high diversity and high proportion of endemics known from this region, and a speculative interpretation of these patterns is offered in conclusion.

BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CALSUB, CHALCAL 2, LITHIST, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 8, NORFOLK 1, SMIB 3, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979

AURORA 2007, BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 4, BIOCAL, BOA0, BOA1, HALIPRO 1, MUSORSTOM 10, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, SMIB 8

Four new species, belonging to the subfamily Rissoininae (Neotaenioglossa: Truncatelloidea: Rissoidae), are described from deep water in the Nex Caledonian region: rissoina (Rissoina) boucheti sp. nov., R. longispira sp. nov., Zebina (Zebina) re sp. nov. And Z retusa sp. nov. An anatomical description of R. Boucheti is given.

BIOCAL, SMIB 3

The neogastropod fasciolariid genus Fusolatirus Kuroda & Habe, 1971, is redescribed based on shell and radula characters Fourteen species are tentatively placed in the genus, nine of them for the first time, all front moderately deep water (50-300 meters) in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Additional species currently placed in Latirus or Peristernia may also be referable to Fusolatirus when the range of shell and radula characters are better understood. However, Eve do not regard as congeneric Fusolatirus kurodai (Okutani & Sakurai, 1964) nor Fusolatirus kuroseanus Okutani, 1975. Fusolatirus luteus n. sp. and Fusolatirus pachyus n. sp., both from the New Caledonia area, are described. Latirus cloveri Snyder, 2003 [June] is a new synonym of Euthria suduirauti Fraussen, 2003 [April], originally described as a buccinid and here referred to Fusolatirus. The ranges of Fusolatirus balicasagensis (Bozzetti, 1997), F kandai (Kuroda, 1950), and F. rikae (Fraussen, 2003), earlier known only from Japan and/or the Philippines, are extended to the South Pacific.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 4, HALICAL 1, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 7, SALOMON 2, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, VOLSMAR

Cerithium koperbergi is a rare gastropod of the family Cerithiidae from the tropical Indo-West Pacific. The species has a small, unusual shell and often inhabits deeper water, fore-reef habitats that are atypical for the genus. Anatomical investigations reveal that it possesses a combination of features heretofore considered diagnostic of two main cerithiid subfamilies: Cerithiinae and Bittiinae. While the shell is bittiine, the animal lacks mesopodial pedal glands and possesses a seminal receptacle (vs. a spermatophore bursa) in the lateral lamina of the oviduct, which are considered to be cerithiine features. Re-evaluation of the anatomy of Bittium reticulatum, the type species of Bittium, indicates the defining anatomical difference in oviduct anatomy between the two subfamilies does not stand up to closer scrutiny. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences support the interpretation that C. koperbergi is a species complex around the western Pacific rim comprising three divergent mitochondrial lineages. Bayesian analysis of partial mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA sequences confirm the placement of the C. koperbergi complex within a monophyletic Bittiinae, despite the apparent absence of a unifying anatomical feature. Species in the C. koperbergi complex are here united in Pictorium nov. gen. and two species are described as new. It is hypothesized that features of the midgut may be diagnostic of the Bittiinae, but more comparative data are needed.

ATIMO VATAE, LIFOU 2000, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SANTO 2006

A new genus, Limatium gen. n., and two new species, L. pagodula sp. n. and L. aureum sp. n. are described, found on outer slopes of barrier reefs and fringing reefs in the South Pacific. They are rare for cerithiids, which typically occur in large populations. The two new species are represented by 108 specimens sampled over a period of 30 years, only 16 of which were collected alive. Three subadults from the Philippines and Vanuatu likely represent a third species. In addition to their rarity, Limatium species are atypical for cerithiids in their smooth, polished, honey to golden brown shells with distinctive white fascioles extending suture to suture. The radula presents a unique morphology that does not readily suggest an affinity to any of the cerithiid subfamilies. Two live-collected specimens, one of each species and designated as holotypes, were preserved in 95% ethanol and sequenced. Bayesian analysis of partial COI and 16S rDNA sequences demonstrates a placement in the Bittiinae, further extending our morphological concept of the subfamily.

ATIMO VATAE, BATHUS 1, BENTHAUS, BORDAU 2, CORAIL 2, EBISCO, INHACA 2011, LAGON, LIFOU 2000, MONTROUZIER, MUSORSTOM 3, PANGLAO 2004, RAPA 2002, SANTO 2006, Tuhaa Pae 2013, ???msg.security.private???

The Tonnoidea is a moderately diverse group of large, predatory gastropods with ∼360 valid species. Known for their ability to secrete sulfuric acid, they use it to prey on a diversity of invertebrates, primarily echinoderms. Tonnoideans currently are classified in seven accepted families: the comparatively well known, shallow water Bursidae, Cassidae, Personidae, Ranellidae, and Tonnidae, and the lesser-known, deep water Laubierinidae and Pisanianuridae. We assembled a mitochondrial and nuclear gene (COI, 16S, 12S, 28S) dataset for ∼80 species and 38 genera currently recognized as valid. Bayesian analysis of the concatenated dataset recovered a monophyletic Tonnoidea, with Ficus as its sister group. Unexpectedly, Thalassocyon, currently classified in the Ficidae, was nested within the ingroup as the sister group to Distorsionella. Among currently recognized families, Tonnidae, Cassidae, Bursidae and Personidae were supported as monophyletic but the Ranellidae and Ranellinae were not, with Cymatiinae, Ranella and Charonia supported as three unrelated clades. The Laubierinidae and Pisanianuridae together form a monophyletic group. Although not all currently accepted genera have been included in the analysis, the new phylogeny is sufficiently robust and stable to the inclusion/exclusion of nonconserved regions to establish a revised family-level classification with nine families: Bursidae, Cassidae, Charoniidae, Cymatiidae, Laubierinidae, Personidae, Ranellidae, Thalassocyonidae and Tonnidae. The results reveal that many genera as presently circumscribed are para- or polyphyletic and, in some cases support the rescue of several genus-group names from synonymy (Austrosassia, Austrotriton, Laminilabrum, Lampadopsis, Personella, Proxicharonia, Tritonoranella) or conversely, support their synonymization (Biplex with Gyrineum). Several species complexes are also revealed that merit further investigation (e.g., Personidae: Distorsio decipiens, D. reticularis; Bursidae: Bursa tuberosissima; Cassidae: Echinophoria wyvillei, Galeodea bituminata, and Semicassis bisulcata). Consequently, despite their teleplanic larvae, the apparently circumglobal distribution of some tonnoidean species is the result of excessive synonymy. The superfamily is estimated to have diverged during the early Jurassic (∼186 Ma), with most families originating during a narrow ∼20 My window in Albian-Aptian times as part of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution.

ATIMO VATAE, AURORA 2007, CONCALIS, EBISCO, GUYANE 2014, INHACA 2011, KARUBENTHOS 2, KARUBENTHOS 2012, MAINBAZA, MIRIKY, NORFOLK 2, PAKAIHI I TE MOANA, PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 2, SANTO 2006, TAIWAN 2004, TERRASSES, ???msg.security.private???, ZhongSha 2015

The cerithioid Supplanaxis nucleus (Bruguière, 1789) is widespread in the Caribbean, where it lives in often dense aggregates on hard surfaces in the middle-high intertidal. Molecular evidence shows that it comprises two species that are in fact morphologically diagnosable. We fix the nomenclature of Supplanaxis nucleus by designating a sequenced neotype from Bruguière’s historical locality of Barbados, and identify the second, cryptic species as S. nancyae (Petuch, 2013). The two live syntopically across the Caribbean and form a closely related species group with the Panamic S. planicostatus (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825). Planaxis nucleola Mörch, 1876, described from St Croix, in the Virgin Islands, never again recorded in the literature but listed as a synonym of S. nucleus in taxonomic authority lists, is recognized as a valid species of Hinea Gray, 1847. Proplanaxis Thiele, 1929 and Supplanaxis Thiele, 1929, are synonyms and the latter is given precedence over the former.

KARUBENTHOS 2012

The genus Gemmulobonorua Shuto, 1989, until now known only from Upper Miocene-Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Tethys, is recorded in Recent faunas, with five new bathyal species from New Caledonia, Indonesia, Mozambique Channel, and the Philippines. Radular morphology indicates that Cemmuloborsoma belongs to the subfamily Turnnae, and not to Borsoruinae, where it had been allocated based on shell morphology. Columellar pleats, which have long been considered a synapomorphy of the borsoruid group of genera, have thus been acquired independently in the Turnnae. The consequence of this finding is that the current (sub)familly allocation of some genera, based on shell characters only, may need reevaluation.

BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, SMIB 3, VOLSMAR

Nineteen new species are described from the bathyal zone of the Arafura Sea at depths between 146 and 1084 m. The genus Lusitanops is recorded for the first time from the Indo-Pacific and Clinura vitrea sp. nov. is the first Recent representative of this hitherto Cenozoic fossil genus. Based on shell and radula morphology, the classification of Heteroturris in the Clathurellinae is confirmed. Including new species described here, there are now 92 turrid species recorded from Indonesia at depths greater than 200 m.

KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 2

Several hundred species of turriform gastropods (Drilliidae, Turridae, Conidae) have been collected at bathyal depths in New Caledonia and other South-West Pacific archipelagoes. Seventeen new species are here described in the genera Drillia (Drilliidae), Inquisitor, Funa, Zemacies, Comitas (Turridae), Benthofascis, Bathytomq Glyphostoma, Daphnella, Spergo, Gymnobela, Teretiopsis, and Rocroithys gen. Novo (Conidae). The genus Zemacies, until now known from Paleocene to Pliocene deposits in New Zealand and Australia, is recognized for the first time in the Recent fauna, and includes Z. excelsa sp. Novo from New Caledonia, and Z. queenslandica (Powell, 1969) comb. nov., from Queensland to Papua. Benthofascis lozoueti sp. Nov., from the Norfolk Ridge, is the second confirmed species of the genus. Bathytoma boholica Parth, 1994 is synonymized with B. atractoides (Watson, 1881), and the validity of B. hedlandensis Tippett & Kosuge, 1994 is questioned. The range of Spergo fusiformis (Kuroda & Habe, 1961), hitherto known only from Japan, is shown to extend to Madagascar and the South-West Pacific. Daphnella itonis, which has been known under that name in the Japanese literature for more than 40 years, is formally described for the first time, based on specimens from New Caledonia. The species has very long radular teeth and, like molluscivorous species of cones, appears to be feeding on gastropods.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, CHALCAL 2, ???msg.security.private???, ???msg.security.private???, HALICAL 1, HALIPRO 1, KARUBAR, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 1, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, MUSORSTOM 9, SMIB 1, SMIB 10, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 4, SMIB 5, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979

Specimens in the Conus (Dauciconus) daucus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) complex differ by subtle differences in the colour pattern, including a yellowish to orange vs pink apex. The two forms co-occur subtidally in 5-30 m, and cluster in two distinct molecular clades. The species with yellowish to orange apex is described as Conus (Dauciconus) quasidaucus spec. nov. A sequenced neotype is designated for Conus daucus. Another cone collected in 90-95 m off Guadeloupe and resembling C. eversoni, with which had earlier been misidentified, is described as Conus (Dauciconus) karubenthos spec. nov.

KARUBENTHOS 2

Material collected by deep-sea expeditions in the south-west Pacific Ocean reveals a previously unrecognized radiation of the family Phyllidiidae into deeper waters, with a couple of species having a bathymetric range confined below 500 m. Whereas the shallow-water « 100 m) radiation consists mainly of species of Phyllidia, species of Phyllidiopsis make over 70% of the fauna in the 100-500 m interval, and the only two taxa recorded in the 500-750 m interval are species of Phyllidiopsis. A parallel pattern is observed in the Atlantic. There are no consistent anatomical differences between congeneric shallow and deep-water species, but taxa from deeper water are paler and have a simpler dorsal morphology. Twelve new species are described: Phyllidia orstomi sp. novo (Norfolk Ridge, 270-300 m), Phyllidiopsis brunckhorsti sp. novo (New Caledonia, 290350 m), P. anomalasp. Novo (Norfolk and Loyalty Ridges, 240-310 m), P. holothuriana sp. novo (Norfolk Ridge and Vanuatu, 110-240 m), P. macrotuberculata sp. novo (Norfolk Ridge, 270-300 m), P. futunai sp. novo (off Futuna 1., NE of Fiji, 165 245 m),P. crucifera sp. novo (off Futuna 1.,105-160 m), P. lozoueti sp. Novo (Norfolk Ridge, 235 m), P. richeri sp. novo (Norfolk Ridge, 510-750 m), P. circularis sp. novo (Norfolk Ridge, 510-530 m), P. vanuatuensis sp. novo (off Tanna 1., Vanuatu, 410 m), and P. neocaledonica sp. novo (New Caledonia, 315 m). Phyllidia varicosa var.quadrilineata Bergh, 1905, unrecorded since its description from the Flores Sea, Indonesia, is recognized as a valid species of Phyllidiopsis and recorded from Vanuatu in 160 -180 m.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, HALIPRO 1, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, SMIB 8

One hundred and twenty-one species of deep sea “cephalaspidean” heterobranchs belonging to the genera Acteon, Crenilabium, Obrussena, Rictaxis, Japonacteon, Maxacteon, Bullina, Diaphana, Toledonia, Cylichna, Scaphander, Sabatia, Roxania, Cylichnium, Acteocina, Truncacteocina, Philine, Retusa, Pyrunculus, Volvulella, Relichna, Micratys, Gastropteron, Aglaja and Philinopsis are reported from the tropical southwest Pacifi c. Thirty-nine of these species are new: Acteon ionfasciatus, Acteon chrystomatus, Rictaxis sanguinea, Japonacteon longissimus, “Acteon” editus, “Acteon” buccinus, “Acteon” ringiculoides, “Acteon” boteroi, “Acteon” loyautensis, “Acteon” rhektos, “Acteon” profundus, “Acteon” osexiguus, “Acteon” aphyodes, “Acteon” herosae, “Acteon” comptus, “Acteon” chauliodous, “Acteon” cohibilis, Bullina rubropunctata, Toledonia neocaledonica, Toledonia epongensis, Cylichna tanyumphalos, Cylichna grovesi, Sabatia pyriformis, Roxania smithae, Cylichnium mucronatum, Cylichnium nanum, Acteocina lata, Philine habei, Philine babai, Philine abyssicola, Retusa diaphana, Retusa insolita, Retusa lenis, Retusa abyssicola, Retusa trunca, Volvulella onoae, Volvulella multistriata, Relichna hadra and Micratys wareni. A previously described species, Acteon aequatorialis, is included in the new genus Bathyacteon. Three species are assigned provisionally to already described species until more material becomes available: Acteon cf. nakayamai, Maxacteon cf. kawamurai, “Acteon” laetus. Thirty-eight species remain unnamed because of the absence of adequate information, but the shells are illustrated. Most species are described based on conchological data. Fourteen species of Acteonidae and two of Retusidae are provisionally assigned to the artifi cial taxa “Acteon” and “Retusidae” until anatomical data become available. The present collecting effort in the southwest Pacifi c has produced large numbers of previously undocumented species. The largest number of species was found in the area comprising the Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga and Wallis and Futuna, which is probably a consequence of a greater collecting effort. The list of species refl ects a high degree of endemism in the deep sea fauna from the southwest Pacifi c. Only a few widespread Indo-Pacific species have been found in the deep sea. It also appears that there is some sort of isolation between the Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga and Wallis and Futuna region and the Philippines and Indonesia region, which is refl ected in the small number of species shared between these two areas. Most species of “cephalaspidean” heterobranchs studied here have broad bathymetric ranges compared to other groups of opisthobranchs, which may be a result of a higher ecological adaptability of this group, or may be an artifact caused by transport of empty shells. When only specimens collected alive are considered, the bathymetric ranges of most species are considerably narrower. Most species studied are exclusively found in the deep sea, but a small number of shallow water species have been recorded here for the fi rst time in deep waters. When the ranges of empty shells are examined there appears to be a turnover of “cephalaspidean” heterobranch species at about 1000-1200 m depth and a blurry transition between shallow waters and the deep sea. When only specimens collected alive are considered, there is a sharp boundary at about 200 m that clearly separates the shallow water and the deep sea faunas. “Cephalaspidean” heterobranch species are more common relative to other groups of opisthobranchs in deep waters than in shallow waters, but this result may be an artefact caused by the collecting techniques.

BATHUS 1, BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, BIOGEOCAL, BORDAU 1, BORDAU 2, CALSUB, CHALCAL 1, CHALCAL 2, CORAIL 2, ???msg.security.private???, CORINDON 2, HALIPRO 1, HALIPRO 2, KARUBAR, LAGON, LITHIST, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 2, MUSORSTOM 3, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, MUSORSTOM 7, MUSORSTOM 8, PALEO-SURPRISE, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 5, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979, VOLSMAR

The deep-water Cancellariidae collected during the KARUBAR cruise near the Kai and Tanimbar Islands are represented by 20 species (9 new), only two of which were recorded earlier from the Arafura Sea. As many as 14 species (70% of the total) are represented by single specimens, and 17 (85%) have been collected at one station only: this points to a still more diverse cancellariid fauna. New species of Axelella, Perplicaria, and Solatia represent the first occurence of these genera in the Indo-West Pacific. Admete aethiopica Thiele, 1925, recently suspected to be a species of Turridae, is confirmed as a cancellariid.

KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 2

The genera Cantharus Röding, 1798, Pollia Gray in Sowerby, 1834, and Cancellopollia n.g. (type species : C. gracilis n. sp.) are pisaniine buccinids having a small tooth (labral spine) at the edge of the crenulated outer lip. As defined and restricted here, these genera have a mainly Indo-West Pacific distribution. Cantharus septemcostatus n. sp. , Pollia pellita n. sp., Cancellopollia gracilis n. sp. , and C. ustulata n. sp., are reported from deep water in the New Caledonia region, and Cantharus leucotaeniatus Kosuge, 1985 and Pollia vicdani (Kosuge, 1984) n. comb. are from the Vanuatu. Despite a narrow bathymetric (4154-560 m) and horizontal (northernmost Norfolk Ridge) distribution, Cancellopollia gracilis exhibits remarkable variation, with highly localised morphs.

BATHUS 2, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, BERYX 11, BIOCAL, CHALCAL 2, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 4, MUSORSTOM 5, MUSORSTOM 6, SMIB 1, SMIB 2, SMIB 3, SMIB 6, SMIB 8, VAUBAN 1978-1979

Elaphriella n. gen. is a new genus of small to fairly large (up to 18 mm) solariellids superficially resembling the genus Archiminolia Iredale, 1929. The latter differs, among others, by a much thicker columella, spiral cords or grooves that often continue on the body whorl and spiral cords inside the umbilicus. The two genera form distinct clades in a molecular phylogeny of the family Solariellidae. Seven new species are described, all from deep water (300-900 meters) in the South and West Pacific: Elaphriella cantharos n. sp., E. eukhonikhe n. sp., E. paulinae n. sp., E. wareni n. sp., E. dikhonikhe n. sp., E. helios n. sp. and E. leia n. sp.

BATHUS 4, BENTHAUS, BIOPAPUA, BOA1, EBISCO, KARUBAR, MUSORSTOM 10, MUSORSTOM 7, PANGLAO 2005, SALOMON 1, SALOMON 2, SALOMONBOA 3, TARASOC, TERRASSES

The classification of Tonnoidea is discussed based on new information about deep-sea species. Representative radular, opercula, and larval shells are described and figured. The conclusions agree mainly with earlier classification, with the following execptions:Oocorythinae is moved from Tonnoidea to Cassidae and its value as a subfamily is questioned. The gross anatomies of two Recent deep-water species of Pisanianura Rovereto, 1889, are described, and a new ranellid subfamily, Pisanianurinae, is described for Pisanianura Rovereto, 1889, formely classified in the Buccinidae. The genera Laminilabrum Kuroda & Habe, 1961, presently in the Trichotropidae, Kaiparanura Laws, 1944, and Nawenia Ladd, 1977, presently in the Buccinidae, are considered synonyms of Pisanianura, which is known in the fossil record since the Oligocene. A new family, Laubierinidae, is erected for Laubierina gen. nov. And Akinumia Kuroda & Habe, 1958 (formerly Trichotropidae) with three Recent deep-water species. Laubierina peregrinator gen. et sp. nov. is described from deep water in the tropical Atlantic and Indian oceans. Two large (5 mm) planktonic larvae belonging to the Laubierinidae are described and one of them is remarkable for being a sexually mature male at the time of settlement. All dissected adults are females and it is speculated that Laubierinidae is a protandrous hermaphrodite with neotenic males. The gross anatomies of L. peregrinator sp. nov. , A. orientalis (Schepman, 1909), and A. shepmani (Habe, 1962) are described. Akibumia reticulata Habe, 1962, is referred to Epitoniidae and Conradia minuta Golikov & Starobogatov, 1986 (described in Fossaridae) is considered a larva of Neptunellinae. Thalassocyon bonus Barnard, 1960, and T. tui Dell, 1967, are synonymized; their anatomies are briefly described and compared with that of Ficus and it is concluded that Thalassosyon has been correctly referred to the Ficidae. Attention is drawn to the fact that the morphology of the ficidae conforms poorly with other Tonnoidae. The value and use of larval shells as taxonomical criteria are discussed, and it is concluded that they are usefull criteria, as long as clear distinction is made betwenn "primary" (i. e., planktotrophic) and "secondary" (i.e., non-planktotrophic) types of larval shells and only "primary" ones are compared.

BENTHEDI, ???msg.security.private???, BIOCAL

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SANTO 2006

SANTO 2006